The foods we eat directly affect blood glucose levels, and dietary choices can help to support glycemic control in all types of diabetes. However, the ultimate effect of diet on the disease process depends on the subtype of diabetes. For example, while dietary changes alone can be an effective treatment in some cases of type 2 diabetes or gestational diabetes, this would not be the case for type 1 diabetes, where insulin therapy is the mainstay of treatment.
Postprandial blood glucose is influenced mostly by carbohydrates in the diet. Consequently, reducing the overall carbohydrate intake can be an effective way to improve glycemic control in people with diabetes. However, the current evidence suggests there is no ideal macronutrient distribution or eating pattern for people with diabetes, and the diet should be tailored to the individual.[1]
General dietary recommendations to support glycemic control in diabetes include the following:[1]
- Consuming adequate amounts of fiber daily (a minimum of 14 grams per 1,000 calories)
- Minimizing added sugars and refined grains
- Prioritizing whole foods over highly processed foods (with an emphasis on nonstarchy vegetables)
- In the context of overweight or obesity, eating in a calorie deficit to promote weight loss