Exercise can impact several markers of dyslipidemia. Exercise is a commonly recommended therapy to increase HDL-C, but it also can lower LDL-C and triglycerides. [1][2]
HDL-C may increase with activity level in a dose-response manner. Decreases in LDL-C and triglycerides may require higher intensity exercise. Aerobic exercise generally has a larger evidence base for encouraging these changes, though resistance exercise may be equally effective as long as it is of a similar caloric expenditure (generally requiring lower weight, more repetitions, and more sets).[3]
Tobacco smokers have higher levels of triglycerides, LDL-C, and lower levels of HDL-C.[4] Smoking cessation tends to improve HDL-C within about a year.[5] There are mixed results as to whether, when, and by how much other blood lipids levels may improve.[6][7][4] However, smoking cessation clearly does ultimately reduce cardiovascular disease risk.
Obstructive sleep apnea generally increases risk for dyslipidemia.[8] Fortunately, the gold standard treatment for sleep apnea, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy, improves total cholesterol, LDL-C, and HDL-C levels.[9]