H. pylori infections are commonly treated with a combination of antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors (PPI), which reduce the production of stomach acids. Bismuth (a non-antibiotic antimicrobial ingredient found in some medications for peptic ulcers) may also be included in the therapy. [1][2] These therapies are known as triple therapy or quadruple therapy, depending on how many antibiotics are included in the treatment.
Because H. pylori has developed resistance to many antibiotics, eradication is becoming more challenging, and often requires more than one round (or combination) of treatments.[2]