The initial treatment for hyperprolactinemia is a type of medication called a dopamine agonist. An agonist produces the same effect on the receptors as the original molecule, so a dopamine agonist will have the same effect on the body as dopamine. Dopamine is part of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis). Dopamine is produced in the hypothalamus, and higher levels of dopamine decrease the production of prolactin by the anterior pituitary gland.[1]
The two most commonly prescribed dopamine agonists are bromocriptine and cabergoline. Side effects include nausea, vomiting, dizziness, fainting, and constipation. These are more common in the initiation phase and often subside over time. A newer agent called quinagolide, which seems to have fewer side effects, is available in certain countries outside of the USA.[1]
In cases of large prolactinomas or when a person is unable to tolerate the medications, a surgical procedure may be done to remove the tumor.[2]
References
- ^Mah PM, Webster JHyperprolactinemia: etiology, diagnosis, and management.Semin Reprod Med.(2002-Nov)
- ^Majumdar A, Mangal NSHyperprolactinemia.J Hum Reprod Sci.(2013 Jul)