A Western dietary pattern — characterized by a high intake of refined grains, animal protein (particularly red or processed meat), and animal fat (from meat or dairy), along with a low intake of fruit and vegetables — may increase the risk of developing IBD.[1] Higher fruit, vegetable, and fiber consumption are associated with a reduced risk of developing IBD.[2]
Despite these findings, exclusion diets — like those that remove milk, carrageenan, or animal products — have little to no effect on IBD disease activity or remission rates.[3] A Low-FODMAP diet improves some GI symptoms without changing markers of disease activity.[4]
People with IBD tend to consume less fiber than healthy people, and often fail to eat enough calories (which is why they may need enteral nutrition support).[5][6] They also have lower levels of vitamins A and K in their blood, and over time, low vitamin A status is associated with greater disease activity.[7]
References
- ^Li T, Qiu Y, Yang HS, Li MY, Zhuang XJ, Zhang SH, Feng R, Chen BL, He Y, Zeng ZR, Chen MHSystematic review and meta-analysis: Association of a pre-illness Western dietary pattern with the risk of developing inflammatory bowel disease.J Dig Dis.(2020-Jul)
- ^Milajerdi A, Ebrahimi-Daryani N, Dieleman LA, Larijani B, Esmaillzadeh AAssociation of Dietary Fiber, Fruit, and Vegetable Consumption with Risk of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Adv Nutr.(2021-06-01)
- ^Limketkai BN, Iheozor-Ejiofor Z, Gjuladin-Hellon T, Parian A, Matarese LE, Bracewell K, MacDonald JK, Gordon M, Mullin GEDietary interventions for induction and maintenance of remission in inflammatory bowel disease.Cochrane Database Syst Rev.(2019-Feb-08)
- ^Peng Z, Yi J, Liu XA Low-FODMAP Diet Provides Benefits for Functional Gastrointestinal Symptoms but Not for Improving Stool Consistency and Mucosal Inflammation in IBD: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients.(2022-May-15)
- ^Kelly Lambert, Daniel Pappas, Chiara Miglioretto, Arefeh Javadpour, Hannah Reveley, Laura Frank, Michael C Grimm, Dorit Samocha-Bonet, Georgina L HoldSystematic review with meta-analysis: dietary intake in adults with inflammatory bowel diseaseAliment Pharmacol Ther.(2021 Sep)
- ^Yang H, Feng R, Li T, Xu S, Hao X, Qiu Y, Chen MSystematic review with meta-analysis of partial enteral nutrition for the maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease.Nutr Res.(2020-09)
- ^Fabisiak N, Fabisiak A, Watala C, Fichna JFat-soluble Vitamin Deficiencies and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.J Clin Gastroenterol.(2017)