Oxalic acid (found in vegetables like spinach), tannins (such as those found in coffee, tea, and red wine), phytates (which can be found in certain legumes and vegetables), certain polyphenols (e.g., flavonoids), and foods high in minerals like calcium, zinc, and magnesium may decrease iron absorption. This is why taking iron on an empty stomach, or at least in the absence of some of these compounds, will increase absorption. However, some people will experience increased side effects such as nausea when taking iron on an empty stomach. If choosing to take iron with food to in order minimize side effects, choose foods that contain compounds which can enhance iron uptake and/or counteract the actions of phytates, tannins and minerals, such as vitamin C, folic acid, citric acid, cysteine-rich peptides and vitamin A. Meat, poultry and fish can enhance uptake of heme iron; carotenes, retinoids, alcohol, citric, tartaric and malic acids can enhance uptake of non-heme iron.[1]
References
- ^Shubham et alIron deficiency anemia: A comprehensive review on iron absorption, bioavailability and emerging food fortification approachesTrends in Food Science and Technology.(May 2020)