Medication may be prescribed by a physician to help kidney stones pass. Alpha-adrenergic receptor blockers, such as tamsulosin,[1][2] and calcium channel blockers[1] cause dilation of the urethra, which increases the chance of stones passing on their own.
If kidney stones continue to be a recurring problem for people following all of the recommended dietary guidelines, then pharmaceutical treatments may also be an option for prevention.[3] Thiazide diuretics have shown some efficacy in preventing calcium kidney stones in people with normal urine calcium levels.[4] Drugs such as allopurinol or febuxostat, which reduce uric acid levels, may be helpful for preventing uric acid kidney stones in people with high levels of uric acid in their urine. [5] Treatment with citrate (from potassium citrate), which inhibits the formation of calcium crystals,[6] has also shown some efficacy for preventing stones in randomized controlled trials.[7][8]
References
- ^Picozzi SC, Marenghi C, Casellato S, Ricci C, Gaeta M, Carmignani LManagement of ureteral calculi and medical expulsive therapy in emergency departments.J Emerg Trauma Shock.(2011-Jan)
- ^Campschroer T, Zhu X, Vernooij RW, Lock MTAlpha-blockers as medical expulsive therapy for ureteral stones.Cochrane Database Syst Rev.(2018-Apr-05)
- ^Saeed R Khan, Margaret S Pearle, William G Robertson, Giovanni Gambaro, Benjamin K Canales, Steeve Doizi, Olivier Traxer, Hans-Göran TiseliusKidney stonesNat Rev Dis Primers.(2016 Feb 25)
- ^Yendt ER, Cohanim MPrevention of calcium stones with thiazides.Kidney Int.(1978-May)
- ^Pearle MS, Goldfarb DS, Assimos DG, Curhan G, Denu-Ciocca CJ, Matlaga BR, Monga M, Penniston KL, Preminger GM, Turk TM, White JR,Medical management of kidney stones: AUA guideline.J Urol.(2014-Aug)
- ^Pak CY, Sakhaee K, Fuller CJPhysiological and physiochemical correction and prevention of calcium stone formation by potassium citrate therapy.Trans Assoc Am Physicians.(1983)
- ^Barcelo P, Wuhl O, Servitge E, Rousaud A, Pak CYRandomized double-blind study of potassium citrate in idiopathic hypocitraturic calcium nephrolithiasis.J Urol.(1993-Dec)
- ^B Ettinger, C Y Pak, J T Citron, C Thomas, B Adams-Huet, A VangesselPotassium-magnesium citrate is an effective prophylaxis against recurrent calcium oxalate nephrolithiasisJ Urol.(1997 Dec)