Genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM), or vaginal atrophy, results from a loss of estrogen. GSM results in a variety of adverse consequences, like vaginal dryness, burning, increased urinary frequency, and recurring bladder infections. For many women, this condition requires long-term management. For moderate to severe cases of GSM, low-dose vaginal estrogen is regarded as the most effective treatment, and for mild cases, non-hormonal topical lubricants are recommended.[1]
References
- ^Jason Gandhi, Andrew Chen, Gautam Dagur, Yiji Suh, Noel Smith, Brianna Cali, Sardar Ali KhanGenitourinary syndrome of menopause: an overview of clinical manifestations, pathophysiology, etiology, evaluation, and managementAm J Obstet Gynecol.(2016 Dec)