Regular exercise is important for the prevention and treatment of MetS. Sedentary behavior is associated with an increased risk of MetS,[1][2] whereas higher cardiorespiratory fitness (i.e., VO2max) is associated with a reduced risk of MetS.[3] Additionally, regular exercise has been shown to improve each MetS risk factor.[3] At a minimum, the physical activity guidelines of 150 minutes per week of moderate-intensity (or 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity) activity should be met.
Sleep hygiene interventions are also potentially useful because sleep deprivation increases hunger and energy intake and decrease insulin sensitivity.[4] Moreover, short sleep duration (<6 hours per night) and sleep apnea are associated with an increased risk of MetS.[5][6] Lastly, smoking cessation is recommended for the prevention and treatment of MetS.[7]
References
- ^Thorp AA, Healy GN, Owen N, Salmon J, Ball K, Shaw JE, Zimmet PZ, Dunstan DWDeleterious associations of sitting time and television viewing time with cardiometabolic risk biomarkers: Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle (AusDiab) study 2004-2005.Diabetes Care.(2010-Feb)
- ^Zhang D, Liu X, Liu Y, Sun X, Wang B, Ren Y, Zhao Y, Zhou J, Han C, Yin L, Zhao J, Shi Y, Zhang M, Hu DLeisure-time physical activity and incident metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of cohort studies.Metabolism.(2017-10)
- ^Myers J, Kokkinos P, Nyelin EPhysical Activity, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and the Metabolic Syndrome.Nutrients.(2019-Jul-19)
- ^Bingqian Zhu, Changgui Shi, Chang G Park, Xiangxiang Zhao, Sirimon ReutrakulEffects of sleep restriction on metabolism-related parameters in healthy adults: A comprehensive review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trialsSleep Med Rev.(2019 Jun)
- ^Bo Xi, Dan He, Min Zhang, Jian Xue, Donghao ZhouShort sleep duration predicts risk of metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysisSleep Med Rev.(2014 Aug)
- ^Qian Y, Xu H, Wang Y, Yi H, Guan J, Yin SObstructive sleep apnea predicts risk of metabolic syndrome independently of obesity: a meta-analysis.Arch Med Sci.(2016-Oct-01)
- ^Pérez-Martínez P, Mikhailidis DP, Athyros VG, Bullo M, Couture P, Covas MI, de Koning L, Delgado-Lista J, Díaz-López A, Drevon CA, Estruch R, Esposito K, Fitó M, Garaulet M, Giugliano D, García-Ríos A, Katsiki N, Kolovou G, Lamarche B, Maiorino MI, Mena-Sánchez G, Muñoz-Garach A, Nikolic D, Ordovás JM, Pérez-Jiménez F, Rizzo M, Salas-Salvadó J, Schröder H, Tinahones FJ, de la Torre R, van Ommen B, Wopereis S, Ros E, López-Miranda JLifestyle recommendations for the prevention and management of metabolic syndrome: an international panel recommendationNutr Rev.(2017 May 1)