Maintaining a healthy body weight is central to the prevention and management of MetS. Virtually any calorie-restricted diet — irrespective of its macronutrient distribution or meal frequency — that the individual can adhere to has the potential to improve MetS risk factors.[1] To achieve significant improvement of MetS risk factors, a weight loss of at least 5% of initial body weight is recommended, with greater improvements reported with further weight loss.[2]
Regarding specific dietary patterns, the Mediterranean diet, which is rich in minimally processed plant foods and olive oil, has the most robust evidence of improving MetS risk factors and reducing the prevalence of MetS.[3][4] The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet has also been shown to improve MetS risk factors, whereas a Western diet rich in red meat, saturated fatty acids, refined grains, and sugar is associated with an increased risk of MetS.[5]
References
- ^Bassi N, Karagodin I, Wang S, Vassallo P, Priyanath A, Massaro E, Stone NJLifestyle modification for metabolic syndrome: a systematic reviewAm J Med.(2014 Dec)
- ^Kenneth Cusi, Scott Isaacs, Diana Barb, Rita Basu, Sonia Caprio, W Timothy Garvey, Sangeeta Kashyap, Jeffrey I Mechanick, Marialena Mouzaki, Karl Nadolsky, Mary E Rinella, Miriam B Vos, Zobair YounossiAmerican Association of Clinical Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Primary Care and Endocrinology Clinical Settings: Co-Sponsored by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD)Endocr Pract.(2022 May)
- ^Papadaki A, Nolen-Doerr E, Mantzoros CSThe Effect of the Mediterranean Diet on Metabolic Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Controlled Trials in Adults.Nutrients.(2020-Oct-30)
- ^Kastorini CM, Milionis HJ, Esposito K, Giugliano D, Goudevenos JA, Panagiotakos DBThe effect of Mediterranean diet on metabolic syndrome and its components: a meta-analysis of 50 studies and 534,906 individuals.J Am Coll Cardiol.(2011-Mar-15)
- ^Pérez-Martínez P, Mikhailidis DP, Athyros VG, Bullo M, Couture P, Covas MI, de Koning L, Delgado-Lista J, Díaz-López A, Drevon CA, Estruch R, Esposito K, Fitó M, Garaulet M, Giugliano D, García-Ríos A, Katsiki N, Kolovou G, Lamarche B, Maiorino MI, Mena-Sánchez G, Muñoz-Garach A, Nikolic D, Ordovás JM, Pérez-Jiménez F, Rizzo M, Salas-Salvadó J, Schröder H, Tinahones FJ, de la Torre R, van Ommen B, Wopereis S, Ros E, López-Miranda JLifestyle recommendations for the prevention and management of metabolic syndrome: an international panel recommendationNutr Rev.(2017 May 1)