High-quality evidence shows that quinine derivatives, which are often used to treat parasitic infections like malaria, can benefit cramps. However, they are no longer recommended due to their potential for toxicity. There is also some potential for adverse reactions with quinine drinks such as tonic water , even though the dose of quinine in tonic water (40-80 mg/L) is much lower than the therapeutic dose for muscle cramps (200-300 mg daily).[1]
Lower-quality evidence shows that nafronyl, calcium channel blockers such as diltiazem, and lidocaine may have some impact on muscle cramps.[2]
IVs of magnesium, calcium, and even diazepam (also known as valium) have been used to treat severe forms of cramping, but this is cautioned against due to potential complications such as hypotension or respiratory depression.[3]
Hydration and electrolyte drinks are frequently given as a treatment for muscle cramps, though the causative role of dehydration and electrolyte deficiency deficiency in muscle cramps remains controversial.[3]