Multiple new medical treatments are being studied for use in TBI. Statins, a class of drugs used primarily to reduce cholesterol, can reduce inflammation in the vascular system, and may reduce neural cell death after an injury.[1] Progesterone, a neurosteroid, is being investigated for potential neuroprotective effects.[2] Cyclosporin A is an immunosuppressive drug that is also being looked into for neuroprotective properties, although finding an effective dosage is difficult because high doses can have severe side effects.[3] Targeted temperature management is sometimes used as a neuroprotective strategy. It involves lowering the body temperature in an attempt to lower the oxygen demand of the brain tissue.[4] Hyperbaric oxygen therapy focuses instead on providing more oxygen to the damaged tissue. High pressure environments, like those generated in a hyperbaric oxygen chamber, make it possible to have higher than normal oxygenation levels in the blood. This oxygen can be absorbed into the brain tissue, and potentially help the brain to heal more efficiently.[5][6] Erythropoietin (EPO) treatment has been used for TBI as well. EPO is a type of cytokine that helps the body produce red blood cells. It has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and shows some promise in neuroprotection and improving outcomes in people with TBI.[7][8]
Persisting functional impairments may require long-term interventions from medical specialists. These may include cognitive behavioral therapy, balance training, and vestibular therapy.[9][10][11]