What are the main signs and symptoms of traumatic brain injury?

    Last Updated: October 25, 2023

    Mild TBI results in signs and symptoms such as the following:[1]

    • Headache
    • Nausea and vomiting
    • Fatigue
    • Loss of balance or dizziness
    • Blurred vision
    • Trouble with memory and concentration
    • Sleep disturbances

    Moderate and severe TBI can initially look similar to mild TBI, with symptoms becoming worse over time. Signs and symptoms of a moderate or severe TBI can include the following:[2]

    • Persistent or worsening headache
    • Severe vomiting
    • Slurred speech
    • Loss of vision
    • Confusion or agitation
    • Loss of coordination
    • Seizures

    References

    1. ^Eapen BC, Bowles AO, Sall J, Lang AE, Hoppes CW, Stout KC, Kretzmer T, Cifu DXThe management and rehabilitation of post-acute mild traumatic brain injury.Brain Inj.(2022-Apr-16)
    2. ^Guidelines for the management of severe TBI, 4th edition(Brain trauma foundation)