Chronic low back pain can be stubborn and difficult to treat. Numerous alternative treatments have been tested in randomized controlled trials, with varying degrees of success. Additional treatments include:
- Spinal cord stimulation[1]
- Cerebral or peripheral electrical brain stimulation[2][3]
- Interferential current electrotherapy, a type of electrical muscle stimulation used to treat chronic pain[4]
- Botulinum toxin[5]
Various complementary health, mind, and body interventions are also sometimes used to treat chronic low back pain, including: