Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are exogenous substances that interfere with the normal functions of the endocrine system, often by disrupting hormone synthesis, secretion, metabolism, and/or transport.[1] These substances are found in the environment (air, water, soil) as well as in foods, medical devices, and personal care and household products. Some occur naturally, like the phytoestrogens in soy, whereas others are manufactured, like flame retardants and bisphenol A. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals are ubiquitous and have been detected in human urine, blood, sweat, hair, and even breastmilk.[2][3]
There is evidence suggesting that EDCs can negatively affect reproductive health. Exposure to certain air pollutants, parabens, and polybrominated biphenyls is associated with irregular menstrual cycles,[4] and EDCs may also increase the risk for ovarian aging (which may result in a decline in fertility).[5] More research is needed to determine the causal effects of EDCs in humans as well as the dosages at which they could potentially do harm.[6]