Can endocrine-disrupting chemicals affect the menstrual cycle?

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    Last Updated: April 23, 2025

    Endocrine-disrupting chemicals can interfere with the endocrine system and have been associated with negative effects on reproductive health, including irregular menstrual cycles and increased risk of ovarian aging. These chemicals are widespread in the environment and various products, but further research is needed to understand their causal effects and harmful dosages in humans.

    Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are exogenous substances that interfere with the normal functions of the endocrine system, often by disrupting hormone synthesis, secretion, metabolism, and/or transport.[1] These substances are found in the environment (air, water, soil) as well as in foods, medical devices, and personal care and household products. Some occur naturally, like the phytoestrogens in soy, whereas others are manufactured, like flame retardants and bisphenol A. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals are ubiquitous and have been detected in human urine, blood, sweat, hair, and even breastmilk.[2][3]

    There is evidence suggesting that EDCs can negatively affect reproductive health. Exposure to certain air pollutants, parabens, and polybrominated biphenyls is associated with irregular menstrual cycles,[4] and EDCs may also increase the risk for ovarian aging (which may result in a decline in fertility).[5] More research is needed to determine the causal effects of EDCs in humans as well as the dosages at which they could potentially do harm.[6]