Some small trials on cold water immersion found that cold exposure can increase insulin sensitivity[1] and reduce fasting insulin levels.[2][3] However, these studies all involved small numbers of participants and either were observational in design[2][3] or lacked blinding and randomization.[1] Although the research is potentially promising, more rigorous studies are needed to validate these results and to determine whether the effects are clinically relevant. If future studies on cold exposure do end up confirming a significant effect on glucose metabolism, its effect on glucose homeostasis may occur through the increased production of adiponectin, an agent with insulin-sensitivity-enhancing effects.[4]
Does cold exposure improve glucose metabolism?
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•Last Updated: March 3, 2025