In people who are prone to getting kidney stones, dietary factors can play a role in the risk of developing stones.[1]
Specific types of diets have also been studied for their potential effect on kidney stone risk. Low-carbohydrate, high-protein diets such as the Atkins diet may have a detrimental effect on urine composition (e.g., higher urinary calcium and uric acid, lower urinary citrate levels), potentially increasing the risk of forming kidney stones.[2][3]
In contrast, the DASH diet[4] and Mediterranean-style diets[5] have been associated with reduced risk of developing kidney stones.
Note that many of the observational studies on diet and kidney stones examine the association between diets and any type of kidney stone. There are also specific dietary recommendations for preventing kidney stones depending on the type.