A Western dietary pattern rich in animal-based protein, dairy products, and refined carbohydrates tends to be associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer, whereas a healthy plant-based dietary pattern (e.g., the Mediterranean diet) tends to be associated with a decreased risk of prostate cancer.[1][2] Concerning specific dietary factors, a notable body of evidence indicates that a high intake of dairy products is associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer,[1] while fairly consistent evidence indicates a high intake of lycopene from tomato products is associated with a decreased risk of prostate cancer.[3][4] Also, obesity increases the risk of advanced prostate cancer, so a hypocaloric diet that facilitates weight loss is often beneficial in this population.
How could diet affect prostate cancer?
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•Last Updated: May 16, 2025
A Western diet that is high in animal-based proteins and dairy products is associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer, whereas a plant-based diet, such as the Mediterranean diet, is associated with a decreased risk. Additionally, a high dairy intake raises risk, whereas lycopene from tomatoes may lower it, and obesity can increase the risk of advanced prostate cancer, which makes weight loss beneficial.