How could diet affect sleep?

Changes in an individual’s dietary pattern can impact their sleep architecture. A meta-analysis found that high carbohydrate intake increases rapid-eye movement (REM) sleep, whereas low carbohydrate intake increases non-rapid-eye movement (non-REM sleep).^[1] Also, some observational studies have found an association between increased healthy food (e.g. fruits, vegetables, fiber, seafood, and whole grains) intake and improved sleep quality.^[2] In essence, consuming a balanced and nutrient-rich diet may help to optimize sleep.