Noopept’s mechanism of action is uncertain, but several possibilities have been proposed. In particular, it may increase levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a protein that helps establish neural connections and neurotransmission in the brain.[1] Noopept may also activate or modulate neurotransmitter receptors involved in learning and cognitive function, including certain glutamatergic and cholinergic receptors.[2][3][4]