Saffron is a potent antioxidant and has shown consistent benefits for depression.[1]
When used in people with minor to moderate depression, saffron appears to be superior to placebo and comparable to some commonly used antidepressants (e.g., fluoxetine, citalopram) for reducing symptoms of depression and achieving remission.[2][3][4] Saffron may also reduce symptoms of anxiety, but this effect is less clearly established.[2]
While the evidence is promising, nearly all of the clinical trials have been conducted in Iran, sample sizes have been small (<100 people), and durations have been short (≤12 weeks). Larger and longer trials in more diverse populations are needed to further validate these effects and determine whether the benefits persist over time.