The causes of dandruff are not completely understood, although high levels of sebum secretion, the presence of the Malassezia genus of yeast (which feed on lipids present in sebum), and individual factors (e.g., skin barrier strength, immune response, genetics, neurological factors, and stress levels) are all thought to contribute to a person’s risk of having it.[1] It’s worth noting that Malassezia is also found on many healthy people, which suggests host (individual) factors contribute strongly to the development of the condition.[2]
What causes dandruff?
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•Last Updated: May 16, 2025
Dandruff is thought to be caused by a combination of factors, including high sebum secretion, the presence of Malassezia yeast, and individual characteristics such as skin barrier strength, immune response, genetics, and stress levels. The fact that Malassezia yeast is also found on individuals without dandruff indicates that personal factors play a significant role in the condition's development.