Elevated prostaglandin concentrations triggered by the drop in progesterone before menstruation are thought to be the main cause of menstrual cramps. There is some less certain evidence that elevated vasopressin concentrations may also play a role in this condition.[1]
What causes menstrual cramps?
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•Last Updated: May 16, 2025
Menstrual cramps are primarily caused by elevated prostaglandin levels that occur due to a drop in progesterone before menstruation. There is also some uncertain evidence that elevated vasopressin concentrations may contribute to this condition.