The loss of bone mass with age is a natural process that generally begins after age 30. Bones are in a constant state of remodeling (being built and broken down), and when bone breakdown begins to exceed bone building, gradual reductions in bone density occurs, and over time osteopenia may result.[1] The rate that bone loss leads to osteopenia is highly dependent on genetics, but it is also influenced by modifiable factors beginning in adolescence including physical activity levels, body mass, nutritional status, and the levels of various hormones. Certain disease states, medications, and lifestyle practices may also contribute to an accelerated loss of bone density.[2][1]
What causes osteopenia?
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•Last Updated: May 16, 2025
Osteopenia is caused by a natural loss of bone mass that begins after age 30; when bone breakdown exceeds bone building, it leads to reduced bone density. Factors that influence this process include genetics, physical activity, body mass, nutrition, hormones, certain diseases, medications, and lifestyle choices.