The exact cause of tension headaches is unknown and can differ if the tension headache is infrequent or frequent (chronic). Some research suggests that the pain occurs from muscle tenderness and nerve sensitization on the outside of the head. This can be brought on by stress, poor posture, and possibly weak neck muscles. Increased frequency of tension headache is thought to occur because the nerves around the head become more and more sensitive over time.[1][2] Episodic headaches can be secondary to factors such as poor sleep, muscle tension, eye strain, low blood sugar, and others.[3]
What causes tension headaches?
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•Last Updated: May 16, 2025
The exact cause of tension headaches is unknown, but they may arise from muscle tenderness and nerve sensitization, which is often triggered by stress, poor posture, and weak neck muscles. Increased frequency may result from heightened nerve sensitivity, and episodic headaches can be influenced by factors like poor sleep, muscle tension, eye strain, and low blood sugar.