Kava (Piper methysticum) is a member of the pepper family (Piperaceae). As a traditional herbal therapy, kava goes by many names. Traditionally, kava has been (and still is) consumed as an infusion of the macerated root/rhizome, which is soaked in a liquid such as water, coconut milk, or alcohol. Traditional Hawaiian uses of kava have also included plant parts beyond the root, extending to the bark, plant ash, buds, young leaves, and even the whole plant.[1]
Kava is also used recreationally, and although the plant is native to Oceania, it can now be found nearly worldwide. However, due to the potential for liver injury, kava may be restricted in some countries.[2] Whether used recreationally or traditionally, kava is known to alleviate anxiety, sleep disturbances, and provide a mildly euphoric sensation.[2][3][4] Individual responses to kava may vary, and at least one clinical trial has suggested that there may be a genetic component to this variability.[5]