Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by what is most likely an autoimmune attack on the central nervous system. The most well-known aspect of MS (and the reason for its name) is the destruction of the myelin sheaths that insulate neurons, which results in the formation of lesions throughout the brain and spinal cord. The myelin sheath forms the insulation around axons of neurons, and allows efficient propagation of electrical impulses from one neuron to the next. Their destruction slows down or stops electrical conduction, leading to the neurological deficits associated with the condition.[1]
What is multiple sclerosis?
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•Last Updated: May 16, 2025
Multiple sclerosis is a neurodegenerative disease that is likely caused by an autoimmune attack on the central nervous system, which leads to destruction of the myelin sheaths that insulate neurons. This damage results in lesions in the brain and spinal cord, which impairs electrical conduction and causes neurological deficits.