Valerian is a perennial plant in the Valerianaceae family, native to Europe and Asia but also found in North America. Valerian is known for its characteristic fetid odor, which is attributed to the decomposition of valepotriates,[1] one of the principal types of bioactive compound found in valerian. There are more than 250 species of valerian, including Valeriana edulis, Valeriana wallichii, and Valeriana fauriei. Valeriana officinalis is the species most commonly found in supplements, and it’s the only species that will be discussed on this page.[2]
Valerian’s sedative properties have been acknowledged in Europe since the 18th century,[3] and today, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) recommends its use for the relief of sleep disorders (e.g., insomnia) and to alleviate mild nervous tension. In the United States, valerian is considered a dietary supplement rather than a medication, and is regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).[1][4]