Cow's Milk

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•Last Updated: August 28, 2025

Cow’s milk is the milk most commonly consumed by non-breastfeeding humans and is a major source of carbohydrates, fat, protein, vitamins, and minerals (primarily calcium).

Last Updated:August 28, 2025

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Lower vitamin D levels in children with cow’s milk protein allergy

In this meta-analysis of 12 observational studies (9 case-control studies and 3 cross-sectional studies) in 1,163 children, a cow’s milk protein allergy was associated with lower plasma vitamin D levels.

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