CYP1A2 Substrates

    CYP1A2 substrates include, but are not limited to, caffeine, clozapine, duloxetine, lidocaine, mirtazapine, naproxen, olanzapine, propranolol, triamterene, and theophylline. See glossary page for more information.

    Summary

    CYP1A2 substrates are compounds that are metabolized by CYP1A2 (a cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme), but do not necessarily affect its activity.

    In the presence of CYP1A2 inhibitors or inducers, the metabolism of CYP1A2 substrates can be affected.

    Depending on your genetics, CYP1A2 can have different levels of activity, which can influence how you respond to caffeine. Sound interesting? We have a few study summaries that talk about just that:

    The table below outlines some of the most common or clinically relevant CYP1A2 substrates.[1][2][3] Importantly, this list is not exhaustive.

    CYP1A2 Substrates
    Caffeine
    Clozapine
    Duloxetine
    Lidocaine
    Mirtazapine
    Naproxen
    Olanzapine
    Propranolol
    Riluzole
    Ropinirole
    Theophylline
    Triamterene
    Zolmitriptan
    Zolpidem

    References

    1. ^Song Y, Li C, Liu G, Liu R, Chen Y, Li W, Cao Z, Zhao B, Lu C, Liu YDrug-Metabolizing Cytochrome P450 Enzymes Have Multifarious Influences on Treatment Outcomes.Clin Pharmacokinet.(2021-May)
    2. ^Zanger UM, Schwab MCytochrome P450 enzymes in drug metabolism: regulation of gene expression, enzyme activities, and impact of genetic variation.Pharmacol Ther.(2013-Apr)
    3. ^Hakkola J, Hukkanen J, Turpeinen M, Pelkonen OInhibition and induction of CYP enzymes in humans: an update.Arch Toxicol.(2020-Nov)