This meta-analysis of ten randomized controlled trials assessed the effects of a paleo diet on the glucose metabolism and blood lipids of 342 patients with metabolic disorders. Of the ten trials, four were in postmenopausal women with overweight or obesity, three in patients with type 2 diabetes, one in patients with metabolic syndrome, one in patients with high cholesterol, and one in patients with ischemic heart disease.

There were eight primary outcomes:

Fasting blood sugar
Fasting insulin
Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)
HbA1C
Triglycerides
Total cholesterol
LDL-C
HDL-C

There were three secondary outcomes:

C-reactive protein (CRP)
Diastolic blood pressure
Systolic blood pressure

Does the paleo diet improve health markers? Original paper