The only association classified as convincing was between current smoking and increased incidence of cataract. There was highly suggestive evidence that smoking at any point in an individual’s life was also associated with cataract risk.

Fish consumption and dietary intake of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids were identified as potential protective factors against age-related macular degeneration. The association with omega-3 intake was classified as suggestive, and the association with fish consumption was classified as highly suggestive.

Suggestive evidence was also found between reduced risk of cataract and dietary intake of the antioxidants lutein, zeaxanthin and vitamin C.

Smoking and dietary factors in age-related eye diseases Original paper