A network meta-analysis of 26 randomized controlled trials was performed. Eleven trials were conducted in Asian countries, and 15 were conducted in non-Asian countries.

The nondrug interventions examined were cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT; 7 trials), exercise (4 trials), acupuncture (3 trials), transcranial direct current stimulation (TDCS; 3 trials), light therapy (2 trials), acupressure (1 trial), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS; 1 trial), aromatherapy (1 trial), hyperthermic baths (1 trial), mindfulness (1 trial), and music therapy (1 trial). The comparators were usual treatment, psychoeducation, and no intervention/placebo. The intervention duration ranged from 10 days to 12 weeks.

The Surface Under the Cumulative Ranking (SUCRA) curve was used to rank the interventions in terms of relative effectiveness. SUCRA values range from 0% to 100%, and the higher the SUCRA value, the higher the likelihood that a treatment is in the top rank or one of the top ranks.^[1]

Can nondrug therapies improve sleep quality in people with depression? Original paper