The effect of traditional dietary advice on postprandial distress syndrome (PDS; stomach-related indigestion after eating).

The primary outcome was clinical response, defined by (i) over 50% adequate relief of indigestion symptoms (answered with a yes or no from participants) and (ii) a reduction of more than 0.5 point in the PDS subscale of the Leuven Postprandial Distress Scale (LPDS).

The secondary outcomes were improvements in PDS — measured by individual LPDS items, the Nepean Dyspepsia Index, and the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale for irritable bowel syndrome — and mental health outcomes (such as anxiety and depression), as measured by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the 12-item Patient Health Questionnaire.

Can traditional dietary advice improve indigestion? Original paper