Nitrate is found in high amounts in green leafy vegetables, beetroot, radish, rhubarb, and more.[1][2][3] See the table below for more information.
| NITRATE-RICH VEGETABLES | Nitrates (mg) | Total oxalate (mg) | Soluble oxalate (mg) | Vitamin K~1~ (μg) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arugula/rocket | 362.4 | 7.1 | <0.5 | 108.6 |
| Turnip greens | 346.7 | 50 | — | 251 |
| Dill | 259 | 159 | 60 | 0 |
| Collard greens | 254.5 | 450 | — | 437.1 |
| Spinach | 248.5 | 656 | 542.6 | 482.9 |
| Swiss chard | 236.3 | 964 | 207.7 | 830 |
| Turnips | 217.4 | 210 | — | 0.1 |
| Rhubarb | 199.9 | 805 | 223 | 29.3 |
| Beetroot | 199.2 | 121 | 74.9 | 0.2 |
| Celery | 196.4 | 17.5 | <0.5 | 29.3 |
| Mustard greens | 187.5 | 128.7 | — | 257.5 |
| Radish | 177.3 | 9.2 | <0.5 | 1.3 |
| Lettuce | 168.9 | 13.6 | <0.5 | 126.3 |
| Watercress | 164 | 10 | <0.5 | 250 |
| Bok choy | 162 | 2 | — | 45.5 |
| Kale | 137.5 | 20 | — | 704.8 |
| Parsley | 130.47 | 136 | 76 | 1640 |
This table is composed of averages from multiple samples. Farming techniques, transport, storage conditions, and cooking methods can all greatly affect the actual nitrate and oxalate content of food.
References: Jackson et al. Nutr Res Rev. 2017.[4] ● Lidder and Webb. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2013.[5] ● Griesenbeck et al. Nutr J. 2009.[6] ● Tamme et al. Food Addit Contam. 2006.[7] ● Siener et al. Food Chem. 2006. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.05.059 ● Hönow and Hesse. Food Chem. 2002. [8] ● Santamaria et al. J. Sci. Food Agric. 1999. [9] ● Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical databases ● FoodData Central
References
- ^Hord NG, Tang Y, Bryan NSFood sources of nitrates and nitrites: the physiologic context for potential health benefitsAm J Clin Nutr.(2009 Jul)
- ^Vidal EA, Alvarez JM, Araus V, Riveras E, Brooks MD, Krouk G, Ruffel S, Lejay L, Crawford NM, Coruzzi GM, Gutiérrez RANitrate in 2020: Thirty Years from Transport to Signaling Networks.Plant Cell.(2020 Jul)
- ^Hosseini MJ, Dezhangah S, Esmi F, S Gharavi-Nakhjavani M, Hashempour-Baltork F, Mirza Alizadeh AA worldwide systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression of nitrate and nitrite in vegetables and fruits.Ecotoxicol Environ Saf.(2023 Jun 1)
- ^Jackson J, Patterson AJ, MacDonald-Wicks L, McEvoy MThe role of inorganic nitrate and nitrite in CVDNutr Res Rev.(2017 Dec)
- ^Lidder S, Webb AJVascular effects of dietary nitrate (as found in green leafy vegetables and beetroot) via the nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide pathwayBr J Clin Pharmacol.(2013 Mar)
- ^Griesenbeck JS, Steck MD, Huber JC Jr, Sharkey JR, Rene AA, Brender JDDevelopment of estimates of dietary nitrates, nitrites, and nitrosamines for use with the Short Willet Food Frequency QuestionnaireNutr J.(2009 Apr 6)
- ^Tamme T, Reinik M, Roasto M, Juhkam K, Tenno T, Kiis ANitrates and nitrites in vegetables and vegetable-based products and their intakes by the Estonian populationFood Addit Contam.(2006 Apr)
- ^Hönow R, Hesse AComparison of extraction methods for the determination of soluble and total oxalate in foods by HPLC-enzyme-reactorFood Chemistry.(2002 SEPT)
- ^Santamaria P, Elia A, Serio F, Todaro EA survey of nitrate and oxalate content in fresh vegetablesJ. Sci. Food Agric..(1999 SEPT)