In healthy adults, caffeine intake of up to 400 mg per day has not been linked to increases in cardiovascular disease risk.[1][2] However, the evidence is uncertain regarding the long-term effects of regular caffeine intake for people with high blood pressure or pre-existing heart conditions.[1][3] This also applies to people for whom stimulants in general are not recommended. Low to moderate intake may be generally safe, but this must be assessed on a case-by-case basis in consultation with a physician.
References
- ^Wikoff D, Welsh BT, Henderson R, Brorby GP, Britt J, Myers E, Goldberger J, Lieberman HR, O'Brien C, Peck J, Tenenbein M, Weaver C, Harvey S, Urban J, Doepker CSystematic review of the potential adverse effects of caffeine consumption in healthy adults, pregnant women, adolescents, and childrenFood Chem Toxicol.(2017 Nov)
- ^Poole R, Kennedy OJ, Roderick P, Fallowfield JA, Hayes PC, Parkes JCoffee consumption and health: umbrella review of meta-analyses of multiple health outcomesBMJ.(2017 Nov 22)
- ^Voskoboinik A, Kalman JM, Kistler PMCaffeine and Arrhythmias: Time to Grind the DataJACC Clin Electrophysiol.(2018 Apr)