CKD compromises the kidneys’ ability to balance electrolytes and nutrients in the blood, so managing CKD involves limiting foods higher in sodium, phosphorus, and protein; supplementing or emphasizing foods high in calcium and vitamin-d to reach normal levels, and increasing total calories when a person is at risk for unintentional weight loss. potassium may be restricted or emphasized on an individual basis in order to maintain normal serum-potassium levels.[1][2]
Studies on the effects of specific diets are sparse and short term, but show benefits to some markers of the disease. Studied diets include low-protein and very-low-protein diets, low-salt diets, low-fat diets, low-carbohydrate diets, high fruit-and-vegetable diets, plant-based diets, vegan , vegetarian diets, the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet, mediterranean-diet, American Heart Association diet, and American Diabetes Association diet.[3]
References
- ^Ikizler TA, Burrowes JD, Byham-Gray LD, et al.KDOQI Clinical Practice Guidelines for Nutrition in CKD: 2020 UpdateAm J Kidney Dis.(2020 Sep)
- ^Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes, and CKD Work GroupKDIGO 2012 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease Chapter 3: Management of progression and complications of CKDKidney Int Supp.(2013 jan)
- ^Suetonia C Palmer, Jasjot K Maggo, Katrina L Campbell, Jonathan C Craig, David W Johnson, Bernadet Sutanto, Marinella Ruospo, Allison Tong, Giovanni Fm StrippoliDietary interventions for adults with chronic kidney diseaseCochrane Database Syst Rev.(2017 Apr 23)