What are some of the main medical treatments for constipation?

Constipation is often treated with osmotic laxatives (which pull water into the colon), stimulant laxatives (which stimulate intestinal contractions), or stool softeners.^[1][2] Commonly used osmotic laxatives are polyethylene glycol (PEG), lactulose, glycerin suppositories, and magnesium hydroxide. Commonly used stimulant laxatives are bisacodyl, senna, cascara, and sodium picosulfate. A commonly used stool softener is docusate. Docusate is often prescribed in an inpatient setting^[3]; however, there is inadequate evidence for its ability to ease constipation.^[4] Lastly, it is important to use laxatives as prescribed by a healthcare provider, as overuse can lead to diarrhea, dehydration, and electrolyte imbalances.

Other constipation treatments include increasing dietary fiber intake, certain medications, mineral oil, and enemas. In rare cases, surgery may be indicated.