Medical treatments for hyperemesis gravidarum focus on symptom management and prevention of complications. This usually involves rehydration (e.g., intravenous fluids), nutritional support, and anti-nausea medications. Depending on the severity of the condition, hospitalization may be required.[1]
There are a variety of medications used to control nausea and vomiting, and some people require a combination of medications to better manage their symptoms. Some common medications for hyperemesis gravidarum include promethazine (a dopamine and serotonin antagonist and antihistamine), ondansetron (a serotonin antagonist), and metoclopramide (a dopamine and serotonin antagonist that can increase lower esophageal sphincter tone and gastric emptying). Corticosteroid medications, like prednisone, are sometimes used, but their safety in pregnancy has been questioned. Although doxylamine/pyridoxine is a first-line medication for morning sickness, it has not been studied in hyperemesis gravidarum.[2][3]
If there are signs and symptoms of dehydration, intravenous fluids are often required to rehydrate the body and correct vitamin deficiencies and electrolyte imbalances. Tube feeding may be required for nutritional support in people with hyperemesis gravidarum who are unable to maintain weight with oral food intake.[3][4]