Pneumonia

    Written by:
    Louie Neri

    Fact-checked

    by:

    Rachel Hathcock, James Gaylor
    Last Updated: October 13, 2024

    Pneumonia is an infection that inflames the air sacs and lower airways of the lungs, causing them to fill with fluid. Signs and symptoms of pneumonia include fever and chills, difficulty breathing, fatigue, and cough (with or without mucus). Cases caused by bacteria are treated with antibiotics.

    24 references on this page
    30,122 participants in 11 trials and 2 meta-analyses

    Overview

    Examine Database: Pneumonia

    Research FeedRead all studies

    Frequently asked questions

    Examine Database References

    1. Pneumonia Symptoms - Chandyo RK, Shrestha PS, Valentiner-Branth P, Mathisen M, Basnet S, Ulak M, Adhikari RK, Sommerfelt H, Strand TATwo weeks of zinc administration to Nepalese children with pneumonia does not reduce the incidence of pneumonia or diarrhea during the next six monthsJ Nutr.(2010 Sep)
    2. Pneumonia Symptoms - Shah GS, Dutta AK, Shah D, Mishra OPRole of zinc in severe pneumonia: a randomized double bind placebo controlled studyItal J Pediatr.(2012 Aug 2)
    3. Pneumonia Symptoms - Wadhwa N, Chandran A, Aneja S, Lodha R, Kabra SK, Chaturvedi MK, Sodhi J, Fitzwater SP, Chandra J, Rath B, Kainth US, Saini S, Black RE, Santosham M, Bhatnagar SEfficacy of zinc given as an adjunct in the treatment of severe and very severe pneumonia in hospitalized children 2-24 mo of age: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trialAm J Clin Nutr.(2013 Jun)
    4. Pneumonia Symptoms - Srinivasan MG, Ndeezi G, Mboijana CK, Kiguli S, Bimenya GS, Nankabirwa V, Tumwine JKZinc adjunct therapy reduces case fatality in severe childhood pneumonia: a randomized double blind placebo-controlled trialBMC Med.(2012 Feb 8)
    5. Pneumonia Symptoms - Ganguly A, Chakraborty S, Datta K, Hazra A, Datta S, Chakraborty JA randomized controlled trial of oral zinc in acute pneumonia in children aged between 2 months to 5 yearsIndian J Pediatr.(2011 Sep)
    6. Pneumonia Symptoms - Valentiner-Branth P, Shrestha PS, Chandyo RK, Mathisen M, Basnet S, Bhandari N, Adhikari RK, Sommerfelt H, Strand TAA randomized controlled trial of the effect of zinc as adjuvant therapy in children 2-35 mo of age with severe or nonsevere pneumonia in Bhaktapur, NepalAm J Clin Nutr.(2010 Jun)
    7. Pneumonia Symptoms - Basnet S, Shrestha PS, Sharma A, Mathisen M, Prasai R, Bhandari N, Adhikari RK, Sommerfelt H, Valentiner-Branth P, Strand TA; Zinc Severe Pneumonia Study GroupA randomized controlled trial of zinc as adjuvant therapy for severe pneumonia in young childrenPediatrics.(2012 Apr)
    8. Pneumonia Symptoms - Valavi E, Hakimzadeh M, Shamsizadeh A, Aminzadeh M, Alghasi AThe efficacy of zinc supplementation on outcome of children with severe pneumonia. A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trialIndian J Pediatr.(2011 Sep)
    9. Pneumonia Symptoms - Manaseki-Holland S, Qader G, Isaq Masher M, Bruce J, Zulf Mughal M, Chandramohan D, Walraven GEffects of vitamin D supplementation to children diagnosed with pneumonia in Kabul: a randomised controlled trialTrop Med Int Health.(2010 Oct)
    10. Pneumonia Symptoms - Choudhary N, Gupta PVitamin D supplementation for severe pneumonia--a randomized controlled trialIndian Pediatr.(2012 Jun)
    11. Pneumonia Symptoms - Li Y, Zhang R, Li Z, Zhai QThe Relationship of Vitamin A and Neonatal Respiratory Diseases: A Meta-Analysis.Clin Respir J.(2024 Sep 30)
    12. Gastric Emptying Rate - Shariatpanahi ZV, Taleban FA, Mokhtari M, Shahbazi SGinger extract reduces delayed gastric emptying and nosocomial pneumonia in adult respiratory distress syndrome patients hospitalized in an intensive care unitJ Crit Care.(2010 Dec)
    13. All-Cause Mortality - Sharma Y, Sumanadasa S, Shahi R, Woodman R, Mangoni AA, Bihari S, Thompson CEfficacy and safety of vitamin C supplementation in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis.Sci Rep.(2024 May 24)
    Pneumonia: Symptoms, causes, treatments, and your questions answered.