The most robust benefits of the Mediterranean diet have been observed for cardiovascular health. In particular, the Mediterranean diet reduces blood pressure[1][2] and improves endothelial function;[3][4] high adherence to the diet is associated with a lower risk for cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality and longer telomere length (a recognized biomarker of aging).[5]
Evidence from randomized controlled clinical studies and observational studies also supports the benefits of the Mediterranean diet for glycemic control and diabetes risk, cancer incidence, cognitive decline, and overall lifespan/longevity.[6][7][8] Importantly, while these effects are stronger and more consistent among Mediterranean populations, benefits of the Mediterranean diet have been observed in non-Mediterranean countries as well.[9]