CKD does not usually present with any symptoms until kidney function is impaired by 50% or more. Symptoms include fatigue, confusion, brain fog, headaches, poor appetite, nausea, vomiting, poor sleep, nighttime muscle cramping, swelling in the feet and around the eyes, dry and itchy skin, and more frequent urination or lack of any urination.
Common signs of CKD include markers used for diagnosis — decreased GFR, decreased albumin, protein in the urine, elevated creatinine or cystatin — and markers of the underlying conditions — dyslipidemia, high blood pressure, glycemic dysregulation, and elevated uric acid levels.[1]