Oxiracetam

    Researchedby:
    Kamal Patel
    Last Updated: September 28, 2022

    Oxiracetam is one of the three first-tier racetam compounds, being produced after both Piracetam and Aniracetam. Oxiracetam appears to enhance the release of excitatory neurotransmitters and can aid in memory formation, but lacks human studies.

    examine-databaseExamine Database

    Oxiracetam is most often used for .

    499 participants in 6 trials

    Summary

    Oxiracetam is one of the racetams, and is structurally different from piracetam due to a single hydroxyl group. It is also used for nootropic purposes such as enhancing learning in students or preventing against cognitive decline. Like all other racetams, it is a synthetic molecule that is not found in food sources or in nature.

    When looking at the evidence for oxiracetam at this point in time it seems to have a fair bit of human evidence for reducing the rate of organic cognitive decline (a natural loss in cognition that occurs during the aging process that is not associated with any disease state) and with dementia, yet the lone study in persons with Alzheimer's showed no apparent benefit with oxiracetam supplementation. When it does aid in cognitive decline, it is somewhat comparable in potency to Alpha-GPC and seems to be slightly more potent than piracetam.

    There is currently no evidence to support cognitive enhancement of oxiracetam in young humans with no cognitive impairment looking to increase memory formation.

    When looking at animal evidence, oxiracetam appears to very reliably and potently prevent amnesia induced by a variety of anti-cholinergic or anti-glutaminergic compounds (injections of 3-30mg/kg in rats pretty much normalizing memory formation). It has been implicated in increasing memory formation in otherwise healthy and young rats/mice with no apparent cognitive impairment (suggesting that it can be used as a nootropic) but it appears to require at least a five day loading period.

    Oxiracetam is a positive AMPA modulator similar in mechanism and potency (but not binding site) to both piracetam and aniracetam but may have an additional benefit of increasing glutamate, acetylcholine, and D-aspartic acid release from activated but not resting neurons. This two-fold sequence (enhancing glutamate release and then positively modulating one of the receptors it signals through) ultimately increases metabolic activity in neuronal cells and memory formation.

    What are other names for Oxiracetam

    Note that Oxiracetam is also known as:
    • 4-hydroxy-2-oxo-pyrrolidinoacetamide
    • ISF-2522
    Oxiracetam should not be confused with:

    Dosage information

    Supplementation of Oxiracetam tends to be in the dosage range of 1,200-2,400mg taken over the course of a day, either in two to three evenly spread dosing periods (such as three doses of 400mg or 800mg).

    No studies have assessed whether or not oxiracetam would benefit from being taken with a meal, but it should be taken approximately one hour prior to a learning activity.

    Examine Database: Oxiracetam

    Examine Database References

    1. Cognitive Decline - Dysken MW, Katz R, Stallone F, Kuskowski MOxiracetam in the treatment of multi-infarct dementia and primary degenerative dementiaJ Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci.(1989 Summer)
    2. Cognitive Decline - B Baumel, L Eisner, M Karukin, R MacNamara, R J Katz, J Deveaugh-GeissOxiracetam in the treatment of multi-infarct dementiaProg Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry.(1989)
    3. Cognitive Decline - Bottini G, Vallar G, Cappa S, Monza GC, Scarpini E, Baron P, Cheldi A, Scarlato GOxiracetam in dementia: a double-blind, placebo-controlled studyActa Neurol Scand.(1992 Sep)
    4. Cognitive Decline - Maina G, Fiori L, Torta R, Fagiani MB, Ravizza L, Bonavita E, Ghiazza B, Teruzzi F, Zagnoni PG, Ferrario E, et alOxiracetam in the treatment of primary degenerative and multi-infarct dementia: a double-blind, placebo-controlled studyNeuropsychobiology.(1989)
    5. Memory - Itil, T.M., G.N. Menon, M. Bozak, and A. SongarThe effects of oxiracetam (ISF 2522) in patients with organic brain syndrome (a double-blind controlled study with piracetam)Drug development research.()
    6. Alzheimer's Disease Symptoms - Green RC, Goldstein FC, Auchus AP, Presley R, Clark WS, Van Tuyl L, Green J, Hersch SM, Karp HRTreatment trial of oxiracetam in Alzheimer's diseaseArch Neurol.(1992 Nov)