Tulsi is proposed to have antimicrobial, immune-modulating, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, adaptogenic (increasing the body’s resilience to stress), and antidiabetic properties. While these effects have been demonstrated in animal models, very little research has been done in humans. Most clinical trials have lacked a placebo control, among other methodological limitations, and many outcomes have not been replicated.
Tulsi seems to have antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties that may be beneficial for periodontal disease.[1][2] Preliminary research has found reductions in the symptoms and severity of gingivitis and periodontitis with the local use of tulsi as a gel, toothpaste, or mouth rinse. Some studies reported reductions in plaque and improved gum health (less inflammation and bleeding and better gum attachment).[3][4][5][6][7]
Tulsi may also have beneficial effects on metabolic health, but research is mixed. Improvements in lipid profiles and glycemic control have been reported, including reduced blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL).[8][9][10]
Lastly, the adaptogenic properties of tulsi have only been assessed in a few clinical trials. One randomized controlled trial found that tulsi reduced reaction time and error rates in tests measuring short-term memory and cognitive flexibility.[11] Additionally, some studies have reported reduced symptoms of stress and anxiety and improved sleep, although the methods of assessment are questionable.[12][13][14]