Children with SCD are more likely to have lower weight and body mass index (BMI). This is possibly caused by reduced appetite due to elevated inflammatory mediators, and a higher basal metabolic rate and resting energy expenditure. Inadequate nutrient intake or malnutrition may also worsen SCD signs and symptoms, so special attention to diet may be beneficial, especially during the growth phase in children and the development phase in teenagers.[1]
One study from 2016 on children between 6 months and 18 years old found that intakes of calcium, iron, vitamin C, and vitamin B1 were lower in children affected by SCD. Low intakes of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates, and low levels of micronutrients such as calcium, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B3, iron, and phosphorus are also correlated with more hospitalization days per year in children and teenagers.[1] Nutritional interventions, such as supplementation via nasogastric tube[2], have been studied relative to their impact on children's growth rate. Despite the positive outcomes, these procedures are not easily applicable in everyday life; more studies will hopefully be performed to find more practical interventions.