Chlorella
•Last Updated: September 28 2022
Chlorella is a freshwater algae that is commonly supplemented by vegan populations (similar to Spirulina). Chlorella appears to be a bioavailable source of both Iron and Vitamin B12, and may have other benefits.
Chlorella is most often used for
Last Updated: September 28 2022
Note that Chlorella is also known as:
- Chlorella pyrenoidosa
Supplementation of chlorella appears to be in the range of 6-10g daily. It is unsure why this dose is chosen, but it appears to be somewhat effective. Higher doses have not been sufficiently tested and the optimal dose of supplemental chlorella is not known.
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1.^Watanabe F, Takenaka S, Katsura H, Miyamoto E, Abe K, Tamura Y, Nakatsuka T, Nakano YCharacterization of a vitamin B12 compound in the edible purple laver, Porphyra yezoensisBiosci Biotechnol Biochem.(2000 Dec)
2.^Takenaka S, Sugiyama S, Ebara S, Miyamoto E, Abe K, Tamura Y, Watanabe F, Tsuyama S, Nakano YFeeding dried purple laver (nori) to vitamin B12-deficient rats significantly improves vitamin B12 statusBr J Nutr.(2001 Jun)
3.^Miyamoto E, Watanabe F, Ebara S, Takenaka S, Takenaka H, Yamaguchi Y, Tanaka N, Inui H, Nakano YCharacterization of a vitamin B12 compound from unicellular coccolithophorid alga (Pleurochrysis carterae)J Agric Food Chem.(2001 Jul)
4.^Rauma Al, Torronen R, Hanninen O, Mykkanen HVitamin B-12 status of long-term adherents of a strict uncooked vegan diet ("living food diet") is compromised.J Nutr.(1995 Oct)
6.^Wawrik B, Harriman BHRapid, colorimetric quantification of lipid from algal culturesJ Microbiol Methods.(2010 Mar)
7.^Park JY1, Choi SA2, Jeong MJ2, Nam B2, Oh YK2, Lee JS2Changes in fatty acid composition of Chlorella vulgaris by hypochlorous acidBioresour Technol.(2014 Apr 18)
8.^Mišurcová L1, Buňka F2, Vávra Ambrožová J3, Machů L3, Samek D3, Kráčmar S3Amino acid composition of algal products and its contribution to RDIFood Chem.(2014 May 15)
9.^Kittaka-Katsura H, Fujita T, Watanabe F, Nakano YPurification and characterization of a corrinoid compound from Chlorella tablets as an algal health foodJ Agric Food Chem.(2002 Aug 14)
10.^Watanabe F, Takenaka S, Kittaka-Katsura H, Ebara S, Miyamoto ECharacterization and bioavailability of vitamin B12-compounds from edible algaeJ Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo).(2002 Oct)
11.^Uchikawa T, Maruyama I, Kumamoto S, Ando Y, Yasutake AChlorella suppresses methylmercury transfer to the fetus in pregnant miceJ Toxicol Sci.(2011 Oct)
12.^Tamaki H, Satoh H, Hori S, Ohtani H, Sawada YInhibitory effects of herbal extracts on breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) and structure-inhibitory potency relationship of isoflavonoidsDrug Metab Pharmacokinet.(2010)
13.^Rai UN1, Singh NK, Upadhyay AK, Verma SChromate tolerance and accumulation in Chlorella vulgaris L.: role of antioxidant enzymes and biochemical changes in detoxification of metalsBioresour Technol.(2013 May)
15.^Jiang Y1, Purchase D, Jones H, Garelick HEffects of arsenate (AS5+) on growth and production of glutathione (GSH) and phytochelatins (PCS) in Chlorella vulgarisInt J Phytoremediation.(2011 Sep)
16.^Karadjova IB1, Slaveykova VI, Tsalev DLThe biouptake and toxicity of arsenic species on the green microalga Chlorella salina in seawaterAquat Toxicol.(2008 May 30)
17.^Wu Y1, Wang WXAccumulation, subcellular distribution and toxicity of inorganic mercury and methylmercury in marine phytoplanktonEnviron Pollut.(2011 Oct)
18.^Uchikawa T, Kumamoto Y, Maruyama I, Kumamoto S, Ando Y, Yasutake AEnhanced elimination of tissue methylmercury in Parachlorella beijerinckii-fed miceJ Toxicol Sci.(2011 Jan)
19.^Uchikawa T, Yasutake A, Kumamoto Y, Maruyama I, Kumamoto S, Ando YThe influence of Parachlorella beyerinckii CK-5 on the absorption and excretion of methylmercury (MeHg) in miceJ Toxicol Sci.(2010 Feb)
21.^Kusumi E, Shoji M, Endou S, Kishi Y, Shibata T, Murashige N, Hamaki T, Matsumura T, Yuji K, Yoneyama A, Kami MPrevalence of anemia among healthy women in 2 metropolitan areas of JapanInt J Hematol.(2006 Oct)
22.^Matsuura E, Nemoto T, Hozumi H, Izumi K, Saito Y, Ishida H, Fukimbara T, Kawahara HEffect of chlorella on rats with iron deficient anemiaKitasato Arch Exp Med.(1991 Dec)
23.^Nakano S, Takekoshi H, Nakano MChlorella pyrenoidosa supplementation reduces the risk of anemia, proteinuria and edema in pregnant womenPlant Foods Hum Nutr.(2010 Mar)
24.^Shimada M, Hasegawa T, Nishimura C, Kan H, Kanno T, Nakamura T, Matsubayashi TAnti-hypertensive effect of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-rich Chlorella on high-normal blood pressure and borderline hypertension in placebo-controlled double blind studyClin Exp Hypertens.(2009 Jun)
25.^Lee SH, Kang HJ, Lee HJ, Kang MH, Park YKSix-week supplementation with Chlorella has favorable impact on antioxidant status in Korean male smokersNutrition.(2010 Feb)
26.^Nakashima Y, Ohsawa I, Konishi F, Hasegawa T, Kumamoto S, Suzuki Y, Ohta SPreventive effects of Chlorella on cognitive decline in age-dependent dementia model miceNeurosci Lett.(2009 Oct 30)
27.^Mizoguchi T, Takehara I, Masuzawa T, Saito T, Naoki YNutrigenomic studies of effects of Chlorella on subjects with high-risk factors for lifestyle-related diseaseJ Med Food.(2008 Sep)
28.^Merchant RE, Carmack CA, Wise CMNutritional supplementation with Chlorella pyrenoidosa for patients with fibromyalgia syndrome: a pilot studyPhytother Res.(2000 May)
29.^Merchant RE, Andre CAA review of recent clinical trials of the nutritional supplement Chlorella pyrenoidosa in the treatment of fibromyalgia, hypertension, and ulcerative colitisAltern Ther Health Med.(2001 May-Jun)
30.^Otsuki T, Shimizu K, Iemitsu M, Kono ISalivary secretory immunoglobulin A secretion increases after 4-weeks ingestion of chlorella-derived multicomponent supplement in humans: a randomized cross over studyNutr J.(2011 Sep 9)
32.^Klentrou P, Cieslak T, MacNeil M, Vintinner A, Plyley MEffect of moderate exercise on salivary immunoglobulin A and infection risk in humansEur J Appl Physiol.(2002 Jun)
33.^Gleeson M, McDonald WA, Pyne DB, Cripps AW, Francis JL, Fricker PA, Clancy RLSalivary IgA levels and infection risk in elite swimmersMed Sci Sports Exerc.(1999 Jan)
34.^Nakano S, Takekoshi H, Nakano MChlorella (Chlorella pyrenoidosa) supplementation decreases dioxin and increases immunoglobulin a concentrations in breast milkJ Med Food.(2007 Mar)
35.^Halperin SA, Smith B, Nolan C, Shay J, Kralovec JSafety and immunoenhancing effect of a Chlorella-derived dietary supplement in healthy adults undergoing influenza vaccination: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trialCMAJ.(2003 Jul 22)
36.^Lai KM, Scrimshaw MD, Lester JNBiotransformation and bioconcentration of steroid estrogens by Chlorella vulgarisAppl Environ Microbiol.(2002 Feb)
37.^Ge L, Deng H, Wu F, Weng Y, Deng NPhotodegradation of 17beta-estradiol induced by Chlorella vulgarisYing Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao.(2004 Jul)
38.^Hirooka T, Nagase H, Uchida K, Hiroshige Y, Ehara Y, Nishikawa J, Nishihara T, Miyamoto K, Hirata ZBiodegradation of bisphenol A and disappearance of its estrogenic activity by the green alga Chlorella fusca var. vacuolataEnviron Toxicol Chem.(2005 Aug)
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