Licorice

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    Last Updated: August 27, 2024

    Licorice is the common name for plants of the Glycyrrhiza genus. Licorice has been used traditionally to treat and support the respiratory, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, and genitourinary systems.

    Overview

    Dosage information

    When used as a treatment, licorice can be found in a wide variety of formulations, including but not limited to tablets, powder, drops, chewables, capsules, tea, dried root infusions, decoctions, syrups, tinctures, and gum. It’s also found in a wide variety of candies, foods, beverages, and even cigarettes as a flavoring agent.[12] The glycyrrhizin content of licorice products varies by the species and origin of the raw licorice root; according to one study, it can range from from 0.3–8.3% (with an average around 3.3%), but other studies have cited it as high as 6–10%.[13][14] Deglycyrrhizinated licorice is also available, and it has been processed to reduce glycyrrhizin content below detectable levels.

    To treat ulcers and gastritis, daily dosing can range from 1–15 grams.[15] However, it should be noted that individual characteristics (sex, age, health status, etc.) and how the root has been prepared may affect its action or potency.[15][1][16]

    Traditional Chinese Medicine recommends 8–15 grams of licorice extract for general health and up to 100 grams for use in health conditions, but it is commonly found combined with other ingredients in this context.[1] The components of licorice appear to interact with other nutrients, typically in a synergistic manner. When combined with lycopene, it may work synergistically to prevent LDL oxidation.[17] If taken alongside oriental bezoar and Panax ginseng, it is thought to synergistically reduce stress-induced biomarker changes.[18][19] Combining licorice with cranberry may confer a synergistic anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effect.[20][21][22][23]

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    Examine Database References

    1. Cortisol - Sigurjonsdottir HA, Manhem K, Axelson M, Wallerstedt SSubjects with essential hypertension are more sensitive to the inhibition of 11 beta-HSD by liquoriceJ Hum Hypertens.(2003 Feb)
    2. Estrogen - Helga Agusta Sigurjonsdottir, Magnus Axelson, Gudmundur Johannsson, Karin Manhem, Ernst Nystrom, Sven WallerstedtLiquorice in moderate doses does not affect sex steroid hormones of biological importance although the effect differs between the gendersHorm Res.(2006)
    3. Body Fat - Bell ZW, Canale RE, Bloomer RJA dual investigation of the effect of dietary supplementation with licorice flavonoid oil on anthropometric and biochemical markers of health and adiposityLipids Health Dis.(2011 Feb 10)
    4. Testosterone - Armanini D, Bonanni G, Mattarello MJ, Fiore C, Sartorato P, Palermo MLicorice consumption and serum testosterone in healthy manExp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes.(2003 Sep)
    5. Cortisol - Al-Dujaili EA, Kenyon CJ, Nicol MR, Mason JILiquorice and glycyrrhetinic acid increase DHEA and deoxycorticosterone levels in vivo and in vitro by inhibiting adrenal SULT2A1 activityMol Cell Endocrinol.(2011 Apr 10)
    6. Testosterone - R A Josephs, J S Guinn, M L Harper, F AskariLiquorice consumption and salivary testosterone concentrationsLancet.(2001 Nov 10)
    7. Testosterone - Armanini D, Bonanni G, Palermo MReduction of serum testosterone in men by licoriceN Engl J Med.(1999 Oct 7)
    8. Testosterone - Mee Jung Mattarello, Stefano Benedini, Cristina Fiore, Valentina Camozzi, Paola Sartorato, Giovanni Luisetto, Decio ArmaniniEffect of licorice on PTH levels in healthy womenSteroids.(2006 May)
    9. LDL Oxidation - Carmeli E, Fogelman YAntioxidant effect of polyphenolic glabridin on LDL oxidationToxicol Ind Health.(2009 May-Jun)
    10. Canker Sores Symptoms - Martin MD, Sherman J, van der Ven P, Burgess JA controlled trial of a dissolving oral patch concerning glycyrrhiza (licorice) herbal extract for the treatment of aphthous ulcersGen Dent.(2008 Mar-Apr)
    11. Luteinizing Hormone - Decio Armanini, Mee Jung Mattarello, Cristina Fiore, Guglielmo Bonanni, Carla Scaroni, Paola Sartorato, Mario PalermoLicorice reduces serum testosterone in healthy womenSteroids.(Oct-Nov 2004)
    12. Oxidative Stress Biomarkers - B Fuhrman, S Buch, J Vaya, P A Belinky, R Coleman, T Hayek, M AviramLicorice extract and its major polyphenol glabridin protect low-density lipoprotein against lipid peroxidation: in vitro and ex vivo studies in humans and in atherosclerotic apolipoprotein E-deficient miceAm J Clin Nutr.(1997 Aug)
    13. Blood Pressure - Wu T, Yang J, Xia J, Sun GEffects of Licorice Functional Components Intakes on Blood Pressure: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis and NETWORK Toxicology.Nutrients.(2024 Nov 2)
    14. Sore Throat Symptoms - Wang G, Qi Y, Wu L, Jiang GComparative Efficacy of 6 Topical Pharmacological Agents for Preventive Interventions of Postoperative Sore Throat After Tracheal Intubation: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis.Anesth Analg.(2021 Jul 1)
    15. Body Mass Index (BMI) - Hooshmandi H, Ghadiri-Anari A, Ranjbar AM, Fallahzadeh H, Hosseinzadeh M, Nadjarzadeh AEffects of licorice extract in combination with a low-calorie diet on obesity indices, glycemic indices, and lipid profiles in overweight/obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.J Ovarian Res.(2024 Jul 30)