White Blood Cell Count

    Last Updated: October 13, 2024

    Total white blood cell count is measured commonly in toxicology testing, and some supplements that are known to support the immune system may also act via increasing levels of immune cells.

    5,493 participants in 56 trials

    Summary

    White blood cells, also called leukocytes, include neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, T cells, B cells and plasma cells. An increase in the WBC number in the blood is used as a marker of an ongoing or recently resolved infection.

    Examine Database: White Blood Cell Count

    Research FeedRead all studies

    Examine Database References

    1. Fang Ji - Sekiya N, Shimada Y, Niizawa A, Kogure T, Mantani N, Sakai S, Hikiami H, Terasawa KSuppressive effects of Stephania tetrandra on the neutrophil function in patients with rheumatoid arthritisPhytother Res.(2004 Mar)
    2. Autoimmune Protocol (AIP) Diet - Robert D Abbott, Adam Sadowski, Angela G AltEfficacy of the Autoimmune Protocol Diet as Part of a Multi-disciplinary, Supported Lifestyle Intervention for Hashimoto's ThyroiditisCureus.(2019 Apr 27)
    3. Curcumin - Na LX, Li Y, Pan HZ, Zhou XL, Sun DJ, Meng M, Li XX, Sun CHCurcuminoids exert glucose-lowering effect in type 2 diabetes by decreasing serum free fatty acids: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trialMol Nutr Food Res.(2013 Sep)
    4. Cat's claw - Y Sheng, C Bryngelsson, R W PeroEnhanced DNA repair, immune function and reduced toxicity of C-MED-100, a novel aqueous extract from Uncaria tomentosaJ Ethnopharmacol.(2000 Feb)
    5. Dill - Mansouri M, Nayebi N, Keshtkar A, Hasani-Ranjbar S, Taheri E, Larijani BThe effect of 12 weeks Anethum graveolens (dill) on metabolic markers in patients with metabolic syndrome; a randomized double blind controlled trialDaru.(2012 Oct 4)
    6. Ashwagandha - Raut AA, Rege NN, Tadvi FM, Solanki PV, Kene KR, Shirolkar SG, Pandey SN, Vaidya RA, Vaidya ABExploratory study to evaluate tolerability, safety, and activity of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) in healthy volunteersJ Ayurveda Integr Med.(2012 Jul)
    7. Citrulline - Paul Hwang, Flor E Morales Marroquín, Josh Gann, Tom Andre, Sarah McKinley-Barnard, Caelin Kim, Masahiko Morita, Darryn S WilloughbyEight weeks of resistance training in conjunction with glutathione and L-Citrulline supplementation increases lean mass and has no adverse effects on blood clinical safety markers in resistance-trained malesJ Int Soc Sports Nutr.(2018 Jun 27)
    8. Theanine - A Juszkiewicz, A Glapa, P Basta, E Petriczko, K Żołnowski, B Machaliński, J Trzeciak, K Łuczkowska, A Skarpańska-StejnbornThe effect of L-theanine supplementation on the immune system of athletes exposed to strenuous physical exerciseJ Int Soc Sports Nutr.(2019 Feb 15)
    9. Vitamin E - Meydani SN, Meydani M, Rall LC, Morrow F, Blumberg JBAssessment of the safety of high-dose, short-term supplementation with vitamin E in healthy older adultsAm J Clin Nutr.(1994 Nov)
    10. Colostrum - Shing CM, Peake J, Suzuki K, Okutsu M, Pereira R, Stevenson L, Jenkins DG, Coombes JSEffects of bovine colostrum supplementation on immune variables in highly trained cyclistsJ Appl Physiol (1985).(2007 Mar)
    11. Lactobacillus Casei - Gleeson M, Bishop NC, Oliveira M, Tauler PDaily probiotic's (Lactobacillus casei Shirota) reduction of infection incidence in athletesInt J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab.(2011 Feb)
    12. Saffron - Modaghegh MH, Shahabian M, Esmaeili HA, Rajbai O, Hosseinzadeh HSafety evaluation of saffron (Crocus sativus) tablets in healthy volunteersPhytomedicine.(2008 Dec)
    13. Colostrum - Jensen GS, Patel D, Benson KFA novel extract from bovine colostrum whey supports innate immune functions. II. Rapid changes in cellular immune function in humansPrev Med.(2012 May)
    14. Spirulina - Selmi C, Leung PS, Fischer L, German B, Yang CY, Kenny TP, Cysewski GR, Gershwin METhe effects of Spirulina on anemia and immune function in senior citizensCell Mol Immunol.(2011 May)
    15. Vitamin E - Meydani SN, Barklund MP, Liu S, Meydani M, Miller RA, Cannon JG, Morrow FD, Rocklin R, Blumberg JBVitamin E supplementation enhances cell-mediated immunity in healthy elderly subjectsAm J Clin Nutr.(1990 Sep)
    16. Curcumin - Thota RN, Acharya SH, Garg MLCurcumin and/or omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids supplementation reduces insulin resistance and blood lipids in individuals with high risk of type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trialLipids Health Dis.(2019 Jan 26)
    17. Lactobacillus Reuteri - Jones ML, Martoni CJ, Di Pietro E, Simon RR, Prakash SEvaluation of clinical safety and tolerance of a Lactobacillus reuteri NCIMB 30242 supplement capsule: a randomized control trialRegul Toxicol Pharmacol.(2012 Jul)
    18. Astaxanthin - Nakagawa K, Kiko T, Miyazawa T, Carpentero Burdeos G, Kimura F, Satoh A, Miyazawa TAntioxidant effect of astaxanthin on phospholipid peroxidation in human erythrocytesBr J Nutr.(2011 Jun)
    19. Vitamin E - Wu JH, Ward NC, Indrawan AP, Almeida CA, Hodgson JM, Proudfoot JM, Puddey IB, Croft KDEffects of alpha-tocopherol and mixed tocopherol supplementation on markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in type 2 diabetesClin Chem.(2007 Mar)
    20. Astaxanthin - Kim JH, Chang MJ, Choi HD, Youn YK, Kim JT, Oh JM, Shin WGProtective effects of Haematococcus astaxanthin on oxidative stress in healthy smokersJ Med Food.(2011 Nov)
    21. Hesperidin - Perche O, Vergnaud-Gauduchon J, Morand C, Dubray C, Mazur A, Vasson MPOrange juice and its major polyphenol hesperidin consumption do not induce immunomodulation in healthy well-nourished humansClin Nutr.(2013 Mar 26)
    22. L-Carnitine - M R Rubin, J S Volek, A L Gómez, N A Ratamess, D N French, M J Sharman, W J KraemerSafety measures of L-carnitine L-tartrate supplementation in healthy menJ Strength Cond Res.(2001 Nov)
    23. Astaxanthin - Spiller GA, Dewell ASafety of an astaxanthin-rich Haematococcus pluvialis algal extract: a randomized clinical trialJ Med Food.(2003 Spring)
    24. Vitamin E - Meydani SN, Meydani M, Blumberg JB, Leka LS, Siber G, Loszewski R, Thompson C, Pedrosa MC, Diamond RD, Stollar BDVitamin E supplementation and in vivo immune response in healthy elderly subjects. A randomized controlled trialJAMA.(1997 May 7)
    25. Boron - Nielsen F, Penland JBoron supplementation of peri‐menopausal women affects boron metabolism and indices associated with macromineral metabolism, hormonal status and immune functionJ Trace Elem Med Biol.()
    26. Astaxanthin - Saito M, Yoshida K, Saito W, Fujiya A, Ohgami K, Kitaichi N, Tsukahara H, Ishida S, Ohno SAstaxanthin increases choroidal blood flow velocityGraefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol.(2012 Feb)
    27. Vitamin E - P M Farrell, J G BieriMegavitamin E supplementation in manAm J Clin Nutr.(1975 Dec)
    28. Tetradecyl Thioacetic Acid - Reidar J Pettersen, Mohamed Salem, Jon Skorve, Rune J Ulvik, Rolf K Berge, Jan Erik NordrehaugPharmacology and safety of tetradecylthioacetic acid (TTA): phase-1 studyJ Cardiovasc Pharmacol.(2008 Apr)
    29. Saffron - Bentolhoda Mousavi, Seyedeh Zahra Bathaie, Farbod Fadai, Zabihollah Ashtari, Neda Ali Beigi, Sara Farhang, Sara Hashempour, Nasim Shahhamzei, Hamid HeidarzadehSafety evaluation of saffron stigma (Crocus sativus L.) aqueous extract and crocin in patients with schizophreniaAvicenna J Phytomed.(Sep-Oct 2015)
    30. Garlic - Ishikawa H, Saeki T, Otani T, Suzuki T, Shimozuma K, Nishino H, Fukuda S, Morimoto KAged garlic extract prevents a decline of NK cell number and activity in patients with advanced cancerJ Nutr.(2006 Mar)
    31. Cannabis - Timna Naftali, Lihi Bar-Lev Schleider, Iris Dotan, Ephraim Philip Lansky, Fabiana Sklerovsky Benjaminov, Fred Meir KonikoffCannabis induces a clinical response in patients with Crohn's disease: a prospective placebo-controlled studyClin Gastroenterol Hepatol.(2013 Oct)
    32. L-Carnitine - Joanna J Samulak, Angelika K Sawicka, Emilia Samborowska, Robert A OlekPlasma Trimethylamine-N-oxide following Cessation of L-carnitine Supplementation in Healthy Aged WomenNutrients.(2019 Jun 13)
    33. Astaxanthin - Chen JT, Kotani KEffects of Astaxanthin on Liver and Leukocyte Parameters in Healthy Climacteric Women: Preliminary DataJ Med Food.(2017 Jul)
    34. Green Coffee Extract - Watanabe T, Arai Y, Mitsui Y, Kusaura T, Okawa W, Kajihara Y, Saito IThe blood pressure-lowering effect and safety of chlorogenic acid from green coffee bean extract in essential hypertensionClin Exp Hypertens.(2006 Jul)
    35. Curcumin - Kim SW, Ha KC, Choi EK, Jung SY, Kim MG, Kwon DY, Yang HJ, Kim MJ, Kang HJ, Back HI, Kim SY, Park SH, Baek HY, Kim YJ, Lee JY, Chae SWThe effectiveness of fermented turmeric powder in subjects with elevated alanine transaminase levels: a randomised controlled studyBMC Complement Altern Med.(2013 Mar 8)
    36. Garlic - Sobenin IA, Andrianova IV, Demidova ON, Gorchakova T, Orekhov ANLipid-lowering effects of time-released garlic powder tablets in double-blinded placebo-controlled randomized studyJ Atheroscler Thromb.(2008 Dec)
    37. Saffron - Safarinejad MR, Shafiei N, Safarinejad SA prospective double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study of the effect of saffron (Crocus sativus Linn.) on semen parameters and seminal plasma antioxidant capacity in infertile men with idiopathic oligoasthenoteratozoospermiaPhytother Res.(2011 Apr)
    38. Garlic - Budoff MJ, Takasu J, Flores FR, Niihara Y, Lu B, Lau BH, Rosen RT, Amagase HInhibiting progression of coronary calcification using Aged Garlic Extract in patients receiving statin therapy: a preliminary studyPrev Med.(2004 Nov)
    39. Bacopa Monnieri - Harshad C, et alEfficacy and Tolerability of BacoMind® on Memory Improvement in Elderly Participants - A Double Blind Placebo Controlled StudyJ Pharmacol Toxicol.()
    40. Saffron - Kianbakht S, Ghazavi AImmunomodulatory effects of saffron: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trialPhytother Res.(2011 Dec)
    41. Saffron - Mansoori P, et alA Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo - controlled Study of Safety of the Adjunctive Saffron on Sexual Dysfunction Induced by a Selective Serotonin Reuptake InhibitorJ Med Plant .()
    42. Vitamin E - Meydani SN, Meydani M, Blumberg JB, Leka LS, Pedrosa M, Diamond R, Schaefer EJAssessment of the safety of supplementation with different amounts of vitamin E in healthy older adultsAm J Clin Nutr.(1998 Aug)
    43. Black seed - Eman Mahmoud Fathy Barakat, Lamia Mohamed El Wakeel, Radwa Samir HagagEffects of Nigella sativa on outcome of hepatitis C in EgyptWorld J Gastroenterol.(2013 Apr 28)
    44. Lactobacillus Reuteri - Wolf BW, Wheeler KB, Ataya DG, Garleb KASafety and tolerance of Lactobacillus reuteri supplementation to a population infected with the human immunodeficiency virusFood Chem Toxicol.(1998 Dec)
    45. Ketogenic Diet - Athinarayanan SJ, Adams RN, Hallberg SJ, McKenzie AL, Bhanpuri NH, Campbell WW, Volek JS, Phinney SD, McCarter JPLong-Term Effects of a Novel Continuous Remote Care Intervention Including Nutritional Ketosis for the Management of Type 2 Diabetes: A 2-Year Non-randomized Clinical TrialFront Endocrinol (Lausanne).(2019 Jun 5)
    46. Moringa - Babita Agrawal, Anita MehtaAntiasthmatic activity of Moringa oleifera Lam: A clinical studyIndian J Pharmacol.(2008 Jan)
    47. Echinacea - Goel V, Lovlin R, Chang C, Slama JV, Barton R, Gahler R, Bauer R, Goonewardene L, Basu TKA proprietary extract from the echinacea plant (Echinacea purpurea) enhances systemic immune response during a common coldPhytother Res.(2005 Aug)
    48. Glutamine - Galera SC, Fechine FV, Teixeira MJ, Coelho ZC, de Vasconcelos RC, de Vasconcelos PRThe safety of oral use of L-glutamine in middle-aged and elderly individualsNutrition.(2010 Apr)
    49. 16:8 Intermittent Fasting - Kelsey Gabel, Kristin K Hoddy, Krista A VaradySafety of 8-h time restricted feeding in adults with obesityAppl Physiol Nutr Metab.(2019 Jan)
    50. L-Carnitine - Eun Shil Hong, Eun Ky Kim, Seon Mee Kang, Ah Reum Khang, Sung Hee Choi, Kyong Soo Park, Hak Chul Jang, Soo LimEffect of carnitine-orotate complex on glucose metabolism and fatty liver: a double-blind, placebo-controlled studyJ Gastroenterol Hepatol.(2014)
    51. Ashwagandha - Ziegenfuss TN, Kedia AW, Sandrock JE, Raub BJ, Kerksick CM, Lopez HLEffects of an Aqueous Extract of Withania somnifera on Strength Training Adaptations and Recovery: The STAR TrialNutrients.(2018 Nov 20)
    52. Spirulina - Ge Y, Kang Y, Dong L, Liu L, An GThe efficacy of dietary Spirulina as an adjunct to chemotherapy to improve immune function and reduce myelosuppression in patients with malignant tumorsTransl Cancer Res.()
    53. Curcumin - Shep D, Khanwelkar C, Gade P, Karad SSafety and efficacy of curcumin versus diclofenac in knee osteoarthritis: a randomized open-label parallel-arm studyTrials.(2019 Apr 11)
    54. Sauna - Karolkiewicz J, Nieman DC, Cisoń T, Szurkowska J, Gałęcka M, Sitkowski D, Szygula ZNo effects of a 4-week post-exercise sauna bathing on targeted gut microbiota and intestinal barrier function, and hsCRP in healthy men: a pilot randomized controlled trial.BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil.(2022-Jun-16)
    55. Pycnogenol - Malekahmadi M, Moradi Moghaddam O, Firouzi S, Daryabeygi-Khotbehsara R, Shariful Islam SM, Norouzy A, Soltani SEffects of pycnogenol on cardiometabolic health: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Pharmacol Res.(2019-Dec)
    56. Traditional Chinese Medicine - Li H, Yang Y, Shi M, Xu L, Huang Y, Hu Z, Qin GBixie Fenqing decoction in the treatment of chronic prostatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Medicine (Baltimore).(2024 Sep 13)