Zinc

    Written by:
    Thomas Solomon, Nick Milazzo

    Fact-checked

    by:

    Mike Murray, Nick Milazzo
    Last Updated: September 27, 2023

    Zinc is an essential mineral that is critical for the function of hundreds of enzymes. Consequently, it plays many roles, including in antioxidant enzymes, brain function, and the immune system. Zinc is most commonly taken to reduce the duration of respiratory infections and the common cold.

    142 references on this page
    95,534 participants in 69 trials and 10 meta-analyses

    Overview

    Dosage information

    Zinc supplements vary in their dosages from 5–10 milligrams (mg) up to 25–45 mg, and sometimes higher. Dosages in the lower range are typically used as a daily preventative, whereas dosages in the higher range are typically used to treat chronic conditions and zinc deficiency.

    Zinc supplements contain different forms of zinc. Each of these forms contains different amounts of elemental zinc, which refers to the weight of the zinc molecule by itself, for example:

    • Zinc acetate is approximately 36% zinc by weight; therefore, 140 mg of zinc acetate contains 50 mg of elemental zinc.
    • Zinc picolinate is approximately 21% zinc by weight; therefore, 237 mg of zinc picolinate contains 50 mg of elemental zinc.
    • Zinc citrate is approximately 34% zinc by weight; therefore, 146 mg of zinc citrate contains 50 mg of elemental zinc.
    • The content of zinc sulfate depends on which form is used. The anhydrous, monohydrate, and heptahydrate forms of zinc sulfate are 41%, 36%, and 23% zinc by weight, respectively; therefore, 123 mg of anhydrous zinc sulfate, 137 mg of zinc sulfate monohydrate, and 220 mg of zinc sulfate heptahydrate each contain 50 mg of elemental zinc.
    • Zinc gluconate is approximately 14% zinc by weight; therefore, 348 mg of zinc gluconate contains 50 mg of elemental zinc.
    • Zinc monomethionine is approximately 31% zinc by weight; therefore, 163 mg of zinc monomethionine contains 50 mg of elemental zinc.

    This can be confusing, but most zinc product labels indicate the elemental weight of zinc that each dose provides. For example, if a label says “Zinc (as picolinate) 50 mg”, this means that each dose provides 50 mg of elemental zinc.

    Examine Database: Zinc

    Common Cold
    Pneumonia
    Acne
    Depression
    Infant Health
    Metabolic Health
    Diarrhea
    Premenstrual Syndrome
    Type 2 Diabetes
    Infertility
    General Cardiovascular Health
    Chemotherapy Side-Effects
    Cognitive Improvement
    End-Stage Renal Disease
    Metabolic Syndrome
    Rosacea
    Upper Respiratory Tract Infection
    Warts
    Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
    Low Testosterone
    Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
    Psoriasis
    Stroke
    Type 1 Diabetes
    General Cancer Care And Prevention
    Carbonic Anhydrase VI Deficiency
    Dental Health
    Frailty
    Gestational Diabetes
    Gum Health
    Head And Neck Cancer
    Human Papillomavirus
    Immune Health
    Iron Deficiency Anemia
    Low Birth Weight
    Mood Improvement
    Mucositis
    Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
    Optimal Nutrient Levels
    Prediabetes
    Pregnancy And Delivery Health
    Thyroid Health
    Tinnitus
    Uremic Pruritus
    Weight Loss & Maintenance
    Wrestling Performance
    General Athletic Performance

    Frequently asked questions

    Update History

    Tweak to relationship between zinc and ADHD

    minor

    Research written by

    Nick Milazzo

    Examine Database References

    1. PMS Symptoms - Haider S, Sajjad M, Zahid MA systematic review and meta-analysis examining the role of zinc supplementation in ameliorating physical and psychological manifestations of premenstrual syndrome in young females.Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol.(2025 May 22)
    2. PMS Symptoms - Jafari F, Amani R, Tarrahi MJEffect of Zinc Supplementation on Physical and Psychological Symptoms, Biomarkers of Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Young Women with Premenstrual Syndrome: a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled TrialBiol Trace Elem Res.(2019 Jun 2)
    3. PMS Symptoms - Siahbazi S, Behboudi-Gandevani S, Moghaddam-Banaem L, Montazeri AEffect of zinc sulfate supplementation on premenstrual syndrome and health-related quality of life: Clinical randomized controlled trialJ Obstet Gynaecol Res.(2017 May)
    4. Apolipoprotein A - Kelishadi R, Hashemipour M, Adeli K, Tavakoli N, Movahedian-Attar A, Shapouri J, Poursafa P, Rouzbahani AEffect of zinc supplementation on markers of insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and inflammation among prepubescent children with metabolic syndromeMetab Syndr Relat Disord.(2010 Dec)
    5. Cell Adhesion Factors - Bao B, Prasad AS, Beck FW, Fitzgerald JT, Snell D, Bao GW, Singh T, Cardozo LJZinc decreases C-reactive protein, lipid peroxidation, and inflammatory cytokines in elderly subjects: a potential implication of zinc as an atheroprotective agentAm J Clin Nutr.(2010 Jun)
    6. Iron Absorption - Olivares M, Pizarro F, Ruz MNew insights about iron bioavailability inhibition by zincNutrition.(2007 Apr)
    7. Testosterone - Kilic MEffect of fatiguing bicycle exercise on thyroid hormone and testosterone levels in sedentary males supplemented with oral zincNeuro Endocrinol Lett.(2007 Oct)
    8. Rosacea Symptoms - Bamford JT, Gessert CE, Haller IV, Kruger K, Johnson BPRandomized, double-blind trial of 220 mg zinc sulfate twice daily in the treatment of rosaceaInt J Dermatol.(2012 Apr)
    9. Rosacea Symptoms - Sharquie KE, Najim RA, Al-Salman HNOral zinc sulfate in the treatment of rosacea: a double-blind, placebo-controlled studyInt J Dermatol.(2006 Jul)
    10. Upper Respiratory Tract Infection Symptoms - Al-Nakib W, Higgins PG, Barrow I, Batstone G, Tyrrell DAProphylaxis and treatment of rhinovirus colds with zinc gluconate lozengesJ Antimicrob Chemother.(1987 Dec)
    11. Upper Respiratory Tract Infection Symptoms - Petrus E, Lawson K, Bucci L, Blum KRandomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled clinical study of the effectiveness of zinc acetate lozenges on common cold symptoms in allergy-tested subjectsCurr Ther Res.()
    12. Upper Respiratory Tract Infection Symptoms - Farr BM, Conner EM, Betts RF, Oleske J, Minnefor A, Gwaltney JM JrTwo randomized controlled trials of zinc gluconate lozenge therapy of experimentally induced rhinovirus coldsAntimicrob Agents Chemother.(1987 Aug)
    13. Upper Respiratory Tract Infection Symptoms - Godfrey JC, Conant Sloane B, Smith DS, Turco JH, Mercer N, Godfrey NJZinc gluconate and the common cold: a controlled clinical studyJ Int Med Res.(1992 Jun)
    14. Upper Respiratory Tract Infection Symptoms - Prasad AS, Beck FW, Bao B, Snell D, Fitzgerald JTDuration and severity of symptoms and levels of plasma interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor, and adhesion molecules in patients with common cold treated with zinc acetateJ Infect Dis.(2008 Mar 15)
    15. Upper Respiratory Tract Infection Symptoms - Hemilä H, Haukka J, Alho M, Vahtera J, Kivimäki MZinc acetate lozenges for the treatment of the common cold: a randomised controlled trialBMJ Open.(2020 Jan 23)
    16. Upper Respiratory Tract Infection Symptoms - Mossad SB, Macknin ML, Medendorp SV, Mason PZinc gluconate lozenges for treating the common cold. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studyAnn Intern Med.(1996 Jul 15)
    17. Upper Respiratory Tract Infection Symptoms - Turner RB, Cetnarowski WEEffect of treatment with zinc gluconate or zinc acetate on experimental and natural coldsClin Infect Dis.(2000 Nov)
    18. Upper Respiratory Tract Infection Symptoms - Eby GA, Davis DR, Halcomb WWReduction in duration of common colds by zinc gluconate lozenges in a double-blind studyAntimicrob Agents Chemother.(1984 Jan)
    19. Upper Respiratory Tract Infection Symptoms - Weismann K, Jakobsen JP, Weismann JE, Hammer UM, Nyholm SM, Hansen B, Lomholt KE, Schmidt KZinc gluconate lozenges for common cold. A double-blind clinical trialDan Med Bull.(1990 Jun)
    20. Upper Respiratory Tract Infection Symptoms - Prasad AS, Fitzgerald JT, Bao B, Beck FW, Chandrasekar PHDuration of symptoms and plasma cytokine levels in patients with the common cold treated with zinc acetate. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trialAnn Intern Med.(2000 Aug 15)
    21. Upper Respiratory Tract Infection Risk - Prasad AS, Beck FW, Bao B, Fitzgerald JT, Snell DC, Steinberg JD, Cardozo LJZinc supplementation decreases incidence of infections in the elderly: effect of zinc on generation of cytokines and oxidative stressAm J Clin Nutr.(2007 Mar)
    22. Mucositis Symptoms - Ertekin MV, Koç M, Karslioglu I, Sezen OZinc sulfate in the prevention of radiation-induced oropharyngeal mucositis: a prospective, placebo-controlled, randomized studyInt J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys.(2004 Jan 1)
    23. IGF-1 - Rodondi A, Ammann P, Ghilardi-Beuret S, Rizzoli RZinc increases the effects of essential amino acids-whey protein supplements in frail elderlyJ Nutr Health Aging.(2009 Jun)
    24. Serum BDNF - Ranjbar E, Shams J, Sabetkasaei M, M-Shirazi M, Rashidkhani B, Mostafavi A, Bornak E, Nasrollahzadeh JEffects of zinc supplementation on efficacy of antidepressant therapy, inflammatory cytokines, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in patients with major depressionNutr Neurosci.(2014 Feb)
    25. Serum BDNF - Solati Z, Jazayeri S, Tehrani-Doost M, Mahmoodianfard S, Gohari MRZinc monotherapy increases serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels and decreases depressive symptoms in overweight or obese subjects: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trialNutr Neurosci.(2014 Jan 7)
    26. Depression Symptoms - Sawada T, Yokoi KEffect of zinc supplementation on mood states in young women: a pilot studyEur J Clin Nutr.(2010 Mar)
    27. Depression Symptoms - Siwek M, Dudek D, Paul IA, Sowa-Kućma M, Zieba A, Popik P, Pilc A, Nowak GZinc supplementation augments efficacy of imipramine in treatment resistant patients: a double blind, placebo-controlled studyJ Affect Disord.(2009 Nov)
    28. Reaction Time - Tupe RP, Chiplonkar SAZinc supplementation improved cognitive performance and taste acuity in Indian adolescent girlsJ Am Coll Nutr.(2009 Aug)
    29. DHT - Netter A, Hartoma R, Nahoul KEffect of zinc administration on plasma testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, and sperm countArch Androl.(1981 Aug)
    30. Sperm Count - Li X, Zeng YM, Luo YD, He J, Luo BW, Lu XC, Zhu LLEffects of folic acid and folic acid plus zinc supplements on the sperm characteristics and pregnancy outcomes of infertile men: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Heliyon.(2023-Jul)
    31. IGF-1 - Blostein-Fujii A, DiSilvestro RA, Frid D, Katz C, Malarkey WShort-term zinc supplementation in women with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: effects on plasma 5'-nucleotidase activities, insulin-like growth factor I concentrations, and lipoprotein oxidation rates in vitroAm J Clin Nutr.(1997 Sep)
    32. Glycemic Control - Ghaedi K, Ghasempour D, Jowshan M, Zheng M, Ghobadi S, Jafari AEffect of zinc supplementation in the management of type 2 diabetes: A grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation-assessed, dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr.(2023-May-15)
    33. HbA1c - Daneshvar M, Ghaheri M, Safarzadeh D, Karimi F, Adib-Hajbagheri P, Ahmadzade M, Haedi AEffect of zinc supplementation on glycemic biomarkers: an umbrella of interventional meta-analyses.Diabetol Metab Syndr.(2024 Jun 8)
    34. Insulin - Hashemipour M, Kelishadi R, Shapouri J, Sarrafzadegan N, Amini M, Tavakoli N, Movahedian-Attar A, Mirmoghtadaee P, Poursafa PEffect of zinc supplementation on insulin resistance and components of the metabolic syndrome in prepubertal obese childrenHormones (Athens).(2009 Oct-Dec)
    35. Anti-Oxidant Enzyme Profile - Kara E, Gunay M, Cicioglu I, Ozal M, Kilic M, Mogulkoc R, Baltaci AKEffect of zinc supplementation on antioxidant activity in young wrestlersBiol Trace Elem Res.(2010 Apr)
    36. Oxidative Stress Biomarkers - Seet RC, Lee CY, Lim EC, Quek AM, Huang H, Huang SH, Looi WF, Long LH, Halliwell BOral zinc supplementation does not improve oxidative stress or vascular function in patients with type 2 diabetes with normal zinc levelsAtherosclerosis.(2011 Nov)
    37. Body Fat - C S Mantzoros, A S Prasad, F W Beck, S Grabowski, J Kaplan, C Adair, G J BrewerZinc may regulate serum leptin concentrations in humansJ Am Coll Nutr.(1998 Jun)
    38. Wart Severity - Al-Gurairi FT, Al-Waiz M, Sharquie KEOral zinc sulphate in the treatment of recalcitrant viral warts: randomized placebo-controlled clinical trialBr J Dermatol.(2002 Mar)
    39. Wart Severity - Sharquie KE, Khorsheed AA, Al-Nuaimy AATopical zinc sulphate solution for treatment of viral wartsSaudi Med J.(2007 Sep)
    40. Pneumonia Symptoms - Valavi E, Hakimzadeh M, Shamsizadeh A, Aminzadeh M, Alghasi AThe efficacy of zinc supplementation on outcome of children with severe pneumonia. A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trialIndian J Pediatr.(2011 Sep)
    41. Pneumonia Symptoms - Wadhwa N, Chandran A, Aneja S, Lodha R, Kabra SK, Chaturvedi MK, Sodhi J, Fitzwater SP, Chandra J, Rath B, Kainth US, Saini S, Black RE, Santosham M, Bhatnagar SEfficacy of zinc given as an adjunct in the treatment of severe and very severe pneumonia in hospitalized children 2-24 mo of age: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trialAm J Clin Nutr.(2013 Jun)
    42. Pneumonia Symptoms - Chandyo RK, Shrestha PS, Valentiner-Branth P, Mathisen M, Basnet S, Ulak M, Adhikari RK, Sommerfelt H, Strand TATwo weeks of zinc administration to Nepalese children with pneumonia does not reduce the incidence of pneumonia or diarrhea during the next six monthsJ Nutr.(2010 Sep)
    43. Pneumonia Symptoms - Shah GS, Dutta AK, Shah D, Mishra OPRole of zinc in severe pneumonia: a randomized double bind placebo controlled studyItal J Pediatr.(2012 Aug 2)
    44. Pneumonia Symptoms - Ganguly A, Chakraborty S, Datta K, Hazra A, Datta S, Chakraborty JA randomized controlled trial of oral zinc in acute pneumonia in children aged between 2 months to 5 yearsIndian J Pediatr.(2011 Sep)
    45. Pneumonia Symptoms - Srinivasan MG, Ndeezi G, Mboijana CK, Kiguli S, Bimenya GS, Nankabirwa V, Tumwine JKZinc adjunct therapy reduces case fatality in severe childhood pneumonia: a randomized double blind placebo-controlled trialBMC Med.(2012 Feb 8)
    46. Pneumonia Symptoms - Valentiner-Branth P, Shrestha PS, Chandyo RK, Mathisen M, Basnet S, Bhandari N, Adhikari RK, Sommerfelt H, Strand TAA randomized controlled trial of the effect of zinc as adjuvant therapy in children 2-35 mo of age with severe or nonsevere pneumonia in Bhaktapur, NepalAm J Clin Nutr.(2010 Jun)
    47. Pneumonia Symptoms - Basnet S, Shrestha PS, Sharma A, Mathisen M, Prasai R, Bhandari N, Adhikari RK, Sommerfelt H, Valentiner-Branth P, Strand TA; Zinc Severe Pneumonia Study GroupA randomized controlled trial of zinc as adjuvant therapy for severe pneumonia in young childrenPediatrics.(2012 Apr)
    48. Cognition - Aquilani R, Baiardi P, Scocchi M, Iadarola P, Verri M, Sessarego P, Boschi F, Pasini E, Pastoris O, Viglio SNormalization of zinc intake enhances neurological retrieval of patients suffering from ischemic strokesNutr Neurosci.(2009 Oct)
    49. Tinnitus Symptoms - Arda HN, Tuncel U, Akdogan O, Ozluoglu LNThe role of zinc in the treatment of tinnitusOtol Neurotol.(2003 Jan)
    50. Testosterone - Kilic M, Baltaci AK, Gunay M, Gökbel H, Okudan N, Cicioglu IThe effect of exhaustion exercise on thyroid hormones and testosterone levels of elite athletes receiving oral zincNeuro Endocrinol Lett.(2006 Feb-Apr)
    51. Acne Symptoms - Dreno B, Moyse D, Alirezai M, Amblard P, Auffret N, Beylot C, Bodokh I, Chivot M, Daniel F, Humbert P, Meynadier J, Poli F; Acne Research and Study GroupMulticenter randomized comparative double-blind controlled clinical trial of the safety and efficacy of zinc gluconate versus minocycline hydrochloride in the treatment of inflammatory acne vulgarisDermatology.(2001)
    52. Acne Symptoms - Verma KC, Saini AS, Dhamija SKOral zinc sulphate therapy in acne vulgaris: a double-blind trialActa Derm Venereol.(1980)
    53. Acne Symptoms - Dreno B, Amblard P, Agache P, Sirot S, Litoux PLow doses of zinc gluconate for inflammatory acneActa Derm Venereol.(1989)
    54. Acne Symptoms - Göransson K, Lidén S, Odsell LOral zinc in acne vulgaris: a clinical and methodological studyActa Derm Venereol.(1978)
    55. Upper Respiratory Tract Infection Symptoms - Smith DS, Helzner EC, Nuttall CE Jr, Collins M, Rofman BA, Ginsberg D, Goswick CB, Magner AFailure of zinc gluconate in treatment of acute upper respiratory tract infectionsAntimicrob Agents Chemother.(1989 May)
    56. Iron Absorption - J K Friel, R E Serfass, P V Fennessey, L V Miller, W L Andrews, B S Simmons, G F Downton, P G KwaElevated intakes of zinc in infant formulas don not interfere with iron absorption in premature infantsJ Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr.(1998 Sep)
    57. Preterm Birth Risk - Carducci B, Keats EC, Bhutta ZAZinc supplementation for improving pregnancy and infant outcome.Cochrane Database Syst Rev.(2021-Mar-16)
    58. Infant Growth - Lassi ZS, Kurji J, Oliveira CS, Moin A, Bhutta ZAZinc supplementation for the promotion of growth and prevention of infections in infants less than six months of age.Cochrane Database Syst Rev.(2020-Apr-08)
    59. Infant Growth - Belal Alshaikh, Moaaz Abo Zeed, Kamran Yusuf, Madhusudan Guin, Tanis FentonEffect of enteral zinc supplementation on growth and neurodevelopment of preterm infants: a systematic review and meta-analysisJ Perinatol.(2021 May 18)
    60. Cirrhosis Severity - Somi MH, Rezaeifar P, Ostad Rahimi A, Moshrefi BEffects of low dose zinc supplementation on biochemical markers in non-alcoholic cirrhosis: a randomized clinical trialArch Iran Med.(2012 Aug)
    61. Mucositis Symptoms - Mansouri A, Hadjibabaie M, Iravani M, Shamshiri AR, Hayatshahi A, Javadi MR, Khoee SH, Alimoghaddam K, Ghavamzadeh AThe effect of zinc sulfate in the prevention of high-dose chemotherapy-induced mucositis: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled studyHematol Oncol.(2012 Mar)
    62. Psoriasis Symptoms - Sadeghian G, Ziaei H, Nilforoushzadeh MATreatment of localized psoriasis with a topical formulation of zinc pyrithioneActa Dermatovenerol Alp Panonica Adriat.(2011)
    63. Subjective Well-Being - Stewart-Knox BJ, Rae G, Simpson EE, McConville C, O'Connor J, Polito A, Andriollo-Sanchez M, Coudray C, Strain JJSupplemented zinc does not alter mood in healthy older European adults--a randomised placebo-controlled trial: the Zenith studyPublic Health Nutr.(2011 May)
    64. Testosterone - Ghanbarali Raeis Jalali, Jamshid Roozbeh, Azam Mohammadzadeh, Maryam Sharifian, Mohammad Mahdi Sagheb, Alireza Hamidian Jahromi, Sanaz Shabani, Fariborz Ghaffarpasand, Raha AfsharianiImpact of oral zinc therapy on the level of sex hormones in male patients on hemodialysisRen Fail.(2010 May)
    65. C-Reactive Protein (CRP) - Rashidi AA, Salehi M, Piroozmand A, Sagheb MMEffects of zinc supplementation on serum zinc and C-reactive protein concentrations in hemodialysis patientsJ Ren Nutr.(2009 Nov)
    66. ADHD Symptoms - Arnold LE, Disilvestro RA, Bozzolo D, Bozzolo H, Crowl L, Fernandez S, Ramadan Y, Thompson S, Mo X, Abdel-Rasoul M, Joseph EZinc for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: placebo-controlled double-blind pilot trial alone and combined with amphetamineJ Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol.(2011 Feb)
    67. Mucositis Symptoms - Sangthawan D, Phungrassami T, Sinkitjarurnchai WA randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of zinc sulfate supplementation for alleviation of radiation-induced oral mucositis and pharyngitis in head and neck cancer patientsJ Med Assoc Thai.(2013 Jan)
    68. Mucositis Symptoms - Arbabi-kalati F, Arbabi-kalati F, Deghatipour M, Ansari Moghadam AEvaluation of the efficacy of zinc sulfate in the prevention of chemotherapy-induced mucositis: a double-blind randomized clinical trialArch Iran Med.(2012 Jul)
    69. OCD Symptoms - Sayyah M, Olapour A, Saeedabad Ys, Yazdan Parast R, Malayeri AEvaluation of oral zinc sulfate effect on obsessive-compulsive disorder: a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trialNutrition.(2012 Sep)
    70. Dysgeusia - Lyckholm L, Heddinger SP, Parker G, Coyne PJ, Ramakrishnan V, Smith TJ, Henkin RIA randomized, placebo controlled trial of oral zinc for chemotherapy-related taste and smell disordersJ Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother.(2012 Jun)
    71. Dental Health Metrics - Uçkardeş Y, Tekçiçek M, Ozmert EN, Yurdakök KThe effect of systemic zinc supplementation on oral health in low socioeconomic level childrenTurk J Pediatr.(2009 Sep-Oct)
    72. Itching - Najafabadi MM, Faghihi G, Emami A, Monghad M, Moeenzadeh F, Sharif N, Davarpanah Jazi AHZinc sulfate for relief of pruritus in patients on maintenance hemodialysisTher Apher Dial.(2012 Apr)
    73. Dysgeusia - R I Henkin, B M Martin, R P AgarwalEfficacy of exogenous oral zinc in treatment of patients with carbonic anhydrase VI deficiencyAm J Med Sci.(1999 Dec)
    74. Iron Absorption - Olivares M, Pizarro F, Ruz MZinc inhibits nonheme iron bioavailability in humansBiol Trace Elem Res.(2007 Summer)
    75. Iron Absorption - Olivares M, Wiedeman A, Bolívar L, López de Romaña D, Pizarro FEffect of increasing concentrations of zinc on the absorption of iron from iron-fortified milkBiol Trace Elem Res.(2012 Dec)
    76. Diarrhea Symptoms - Lazzerini M, Wanzira HOral zinc for treating diarrhoea in children.Cochrane Database Syst Rev.(2016-Dec-20)
    77. Diarrhea Symptoms - Lamberti LM, Walker CL, Chan KY, Jian WY, Black REOral zinc supplementation for the treatment of acute diarrhea in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Nutrients.(2013-Nov-21)
    78. Diarrhea Symptoms - Galvao TF, Thees MF, Pontes RF, Silva MT, Pereira MGZinc supplementation for treating diarrhea in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Rev Panam Salud Publica.(2013-May)
    79. Diarrhea Symptoms - Ali AA, Naqvi SK, Hasnain Z, Zubairi MBA, Sharif A, Salam RA, Soofi S, Ariff S, Nisar YB, Das JKZinc supplementation for acute and persistent watery diarrhoea in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis.J Glob Health.(2024 Dec 6)