Magnesium

    Written by:
    Brady Holmer, Thomas Solomon

    Fact-checked

    by:

    Marina Shkayeva, Louie Neri
    Last Updated: July 23, 2024

    Magnesium is an essential dietary mineral that is involved in energy production, nervous system function, blood pressure regulation, and blood glucose control. A lack of magnesium in the diet — which is common in modern societies — is associated with an increased risk of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and other health conditions.

    244 references on this page
    66,568 participants in 77 trials and 30 meta-analyses

    Overview

    Dosage information

    The recommended dietary allowance (RDA) of magnesium for adults is 410–420 mg/day for men and 320–360 mg/day for women. This includes magnesium from all sources such as food, beverages, supplements, and medications. The tolerable upper intake level (UL) for magnesium for adults is 350 mg; this value only includes magnesium obtained from dietary supplements and medications.

    Which forms of magnesium are best for people who are looking to increase their magnesium levels for general purposes or to correct a deficiency? Magnesium citrate appears to have the highest bioavailability of all of the forms of magnesium,[1] followed by magnesium lactate. Magnesium chloride, magnesium gluconate, and magnesium glycinate also appear to have good bioavailability.[2] On the other hand, magnesium oxide and magnesium carbonate have extremely poor absorption and aren’t recommended for the purpose of increasing magnesium levels in the body.

    Magnesium citrate — especially potassium magnesium citrate — and magnesium lactate also appear to carry a lower risk of gastrointestinal side effects and diarrhea compared to other formulations.[2] Side effects seem to be reported more frequently when supplementing with magnesium carbonate and magnesium oxide, though gastrointestinal issues can occur with any type of magnesium supplement if too high of a dose is taken. Although magnesium sulfate (Epsom salt) is often used in bath preparations to soothe achy and sore muscles, there’s a lack of evidence to support the transdermal (through the skin) absorption of magnesium.[3] A warm soak might be relaxing, but it’s not due to the magnesium.

    Examine Database: Magnesium

    Type 2 Diabetes
    General Cardiovascular Health
    Metabolic Health
    Muscle Cramps
    Pregnancy And Delivery Health
    High Blood Pressure
    Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
    Premenstrual Syndrome
    Asthma
    Muscle Recovery
    Depression
    Migraine Headache
    Insomnia
    Type 1 Diabetes
    Bone Health
    Constipation
    Fibromyalgia
    Menopause
    Cardiovascular Disease
    Preeclampsia
    Sleep Health
    General Athletic Performance
    Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
    Coronary Artery Disease
    Rheumatoid Arthritis
    Aerobic Exercise Performance
    Body Composition
    Cycling Performance
    Hormone Health
    Iron Deficiency Anemia
    Metabolic Syndrome
    Muscle Size & Strength
    Overweight
    Pain Relief
    Prediabetes
    Restless Leg Syndrome
    Running Performance
    Stress
    Surgical Recovery
    Swimming Performance
    Tinnitus

    Frequently asked questions

    Update History

    Examine Database References

    1. Triglycerides - Kishimoto Y, Tani M, Uto-Kondo H, Saita E, Iizuka M, Sone H, Yokota K, Kondo KEffects of magnesium on postprandial serum lipid responses in healthy human subjectsBr J Nutr.(2010 Feb)
    2. Triglycerides - Hariri M, Sohrabi M, Gholami AThe effect of magnesium supplementation on serum concentration of lipid profile: an updated systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis on randomized controlled trials.Nutr J.(2025 Feb 4)
    3. Osteocalcin - Doyle L, Flynn A, Cashman KThe effect of magnesium supplementation on biochemical markers of bone metabolism or blood pressure in healthy young adult femalesEur J Clin Nutr.(1999 Apr)
    4. Blood Pressure - Sacks FM, Willett WC, Smith A, Brown LE, Rosner B, Moore TJEffect on blood pressure of potassium, calcium, and magnesium in women with low habitual intakeHypertension.(1998 Jan)
    5. Blood Pressure - Joëlle C Schutten, Peter J Joris, Iris Groendijk, Coby Eelderink, Dion Groothof, Yvonne van der Veen, Ralf Westerhuis, Frans Goorman, Richard M Danel, Martin H de Borst, Stephan J L BakkerEffects of Magnesium Citrate, Magnesium Oxide, and Magnesium Sulfate Supplementation on Arterial Stiffness: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Intervention TrialJ Am Heart Assoc.(2022 Mar 15)
    6. Blood Pressure - Byrne J, Murphy C, Keogh JB, Clifton PMThe Effect of Magnesium Supplementation on Endothelial Function: A Randomised Cross-Over Pilot Study.Int J Environ Res Public Health.(2021-Aug-02)
    7. Blood Pressure - Murphy C, Byrne J, Keogh JB, Headland ML, Clifton PMThe Acute Effect of Magnesium Supplementation on Endothelial Function: A Randomized Cross-Over Pilot Study.Int J Environ Res Public Health.(2021-May-17)
    8. Blood glucose - Chua FB, Cinco JE, Paz-Pacheco EEfficacy of Magnesium Supplementation on Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes Patients: A Meta-analysis.J ASEAN Fed Endocr Soc.(2017)
    9. Blood glucose - de Valk HW, Verkaaik R, van Rijn HJ, Geerdink RA, Struyvenberg AOral magnesium supplementation in insulin-requiring Type 2 diabetic patientsDiabet Med.(1998 Jun)
    10. Blood glucose - Guerrero-Romero F, Rodríguez-Morán MThe effect of lowering blood pressure by magnesium supplementation in diabetic hypertensive adults with low serum magnesium levels: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trialJ Hum Hypertens.(2009 Apr)
    11. Blood glucose - Rodríguez-Morán M, Guerrero-Romero FOral magnesium supplementation improves insulin sensitivity and metabolic control in type 2 diabetic subjects: a randomized double-blind controlled trialDiabetes Care.(2003 Apr)
    12. Blood glucose - Nicola Veronese, Ligia J Dominguez, Damiano Pizzol, Jacopo Demurtas, Lee Smith, Mario BarbagalloOral Magnesium Supplementation for Treating Glucose Metabolism Parameters in People with or at Risk of Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Double-Blind Randomized Controlled TrialsNutrients.(2021 Nov 15)
    13. Blood glucose - de Lordes Lima M, Cruz T, Pousada JC, Rodrigues LE, Barbosa K, Canguçu VThe effect of magnesium supplementation in increasing doses on the control of type 2 diabetesDiabetes Care.(1998 May)
    14. Blood glucose - Xu L, Li X, Wang X, Xu MEffects of magnesium supplementation on improving hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension in type 2 diabetes: A pooled analysis of 24 randomized controlled trials.Front Nutr.(2022)
    15. Osteocalcin - Aydin H, Deyneli O, Yavuz D, Gözü H, Mutlu N, Kaygusuz I, Akalin SShort-term oral magnesium supplementation suppresses bone turnover in postmenopausal osteoporotic womenBiol Trace Elem Res.(2010 Feb)
    16. Bone Mineral Density - Carpenter TO, DeLucia MC, Zhang JH, Bejnerowicz G, Tartamella L, Dziura J, Petersen KF, Befroy D, Cohen DA randomized controlled study of effects of dietary magnesium oxide supplementation on bone mineral content in healthy girlsJ Clin Endocrinol Metab.(2006 Dec)
    17. PMS Symptoms - De Souza MC, Walker AF, Robinson PA, Bolland KA synergistic effect of a daily supplement for 1 month of 200 mg magnesium plus 50 mg vitamin B6 for the relief of anxiety-related premenstrual symptoms: a randomized, double-blind, crossover studyJ Womens Health Gend Based Med.(2000 Mar)
    18. PMS Symptoms - Walker AF, De Souza MC, Vickers MF, Abeyasekera S, Collins ML, Trinca LAMagnesium supplementation alleviates premenstrual symptoms of fluid retentionJ Womens Health.(1998 Nov)
    19. PMS Symptoms - Quaranta S, Buscaglia MA, Meroni MG, Colombo E, Cella SPilot study of the efficacy and safety of a modified-release magnesium 250 mg tablet (Sincromag) for the treatment of premenstrual syndromeClin Drug Investig.(2007)
    20. PMS Symptoms - Ebrahimi E, Khayati Motlagh S, Nemati S, Tavakoli ZEffects of magnesium and vitamin b6 on the severity of premenstrual syndrome symptomsJ Caring Sci.(2012 Nov 22)
    21. PMS Symptoms - Facchinetti F, Borella P, Sances G, Fioroni L, Nappi RE, Genazzani AROral magnesium successfully relieves premenstrual mood changesObstet Gynecol.(1991 Aug)
    22. Blood glucose - Guerrero-Romero F, Rodríguez-Morán MMagnesium improves the beta-cell function to compensate variation of insulin sensitivity: double-blind, randomized clinical trialEur J Clin Invest.(2011 Apr)
    23. Blood glucose - Mooren FC, Krüger K, Völker K, Golf SW, Wadepuhl M, Kraus AOral magnesium supplementation reduces insulin resistance in non-diabetic subjects - a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trialDiabetes Obes Metab.(2011 Mar)
    24. Blood glucose - Lee S, Park HK, Son SP, Lee CW, Kim IJ, Kim HJEffects of oral magnesium supplementation on insulin sensitivity and blood pressure in normo-magnesemic nondiabetic overweight Korean adultsNutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis.(2009 Dec)
    25. Blood glucose - Vedat Cinar, Yahya Polat, Rasim Mogulkoc, Mustafa Nizamlioglu, Abdulkerim Kasim BaltaciThe effect of magnesium supplementation on glucose and insulin levels of tae-kwan-do sportsmen and sedentary subjectsPak J Pharm Sci.(2008 Jul)
    26. Serum Magnesium - Guerrero-Romero F, Tamez-Perez HE, González-González G, Salinas-Martínez AM, Montes-Villarreal J, Treviño-Ortiz JH, Rodríguez-Morán MOral magnesium supplementation improves insulin sensitivity in non-diabetic subjects with insulin resistance. A double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trial.Diabetes Metab.(2004-Jun)
    27. Cortisol - Cinar V, Mogulkoc R, Baltaci AK, Polat YAdrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol levels in athletes and sedentary subjects at rest and exhaustion: effects of magnesium supplementationBiol Trace Elem Res.(2008 Mar)
    28. C-Reactive Protein (CRP) - Nicola Veronese, Damiano Pizzol, Lee Smith, Ligia J Dominguez, Mario BarbagalloEffect of Magnesium Supplementation on Inflammatory Parameters: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled TrialsNutrients.(2022 Feb 5)
    29. Testosterone - Cinar V, Polat Y, Baltaci AK, Mogulkoc REffects of magnesium supplementation on testosterone levels of athletes and sedentary subjects at rest and after exhaustionBiol Trace Elem Res.(2011 Apr)
    30. Muscle Soreness - Reno AM, Green M, Killen LG, O'Neal EK, Pritchett K, Hanson ZEffects of Magnesium Supplementation on Muscle Soreness and Performance.J Strength Cond Res.(2022-Aug-01)
    31. Muscle Soreness - Steward CJ, Zhou Y, Keane G, Cook MD, Liu Y, Cullen TOne week of magnesium supplementation lowers IL-6, muscle soreness and increases post-exercise blood glucose in response to downhill running.Eur J Appl Physiol.(2019-Dec)
    32. Creatine Kinase - Córdova A, Mielgo-Ayuso J, Roche E, Caballero-García A, Fernandez-Lázaro DImpact of Magnesium Supplementation in Muscle Damage of Professional Cyclists Competing in a Stage Race.Nutrients.(2019-Aug-16)
    33. LDL Oxidation - I De Leeuw, W Engelen, P Aerts, S SchransEffect of intensive magnesium supplementation on the in vitro oxidizability of LDL and VLDL in Mg-depleted type 1 diabetic patientsMagnes Res.(1998 Sep)
    34. Diabetic Neuropathy Symptoms - De Leeuw I, Engelen W, De Block C, Van Gaal LLong term magnesium supplementation influences favourably the natural evolution of neuropathy in Mg-depleted type 1 diabetic patients (T1dm)Magnes Res.(2004 Jun)
    35. Asthma Symptoms - Gontijo-Amaral C, Ribeiro MA, Gontijo LS, Condino-Neto A, Ribeiro JDOral magnesium supplementation in asthmatic children: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trialEur J Clin Nutr.(2007 Jan)
    36. Asthma Symptoms - Bede O, Surányi A, Pintér K, Szlávik M, Gyurkovits KUrinary magnesium excretion in asthmatic children receiving magnesium supplementation: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind studyMagnes Res.(2003 Dec)
    37. Asthma Symptoms - Kazaks AG, Uriu-Adams JY, Albertson TE, Shenoy SF, Stern JSEffect of oral magnesium supplementation on measures of airway resistance and subjective assessment of asthma control and quality of life in men and women with mild to moderate asthma: a randomized placebo controlled trialJ Asthma.(2010 Feb)
    38. Asthma Symptoms - Fogarty A, Lewis SA, Scrivener SL, Antoniak M, Pacey S, Pringle M, Britton JOral magnesium and vitamin C supplements in asthma: a parallel group randomized placebo-controlled trialClin Exp Allergy.(2003 Oct)
    39. Blood Pressure - Daniel T Dibaba, Pengcheng Xun, Yiqing Song, Andrea Rosanoff, Michael Shechter, Ka HeThe effect of magnesium supplementation on blood pressure in individuals with insulin resistance, prediabetes, or noncommunicable chronic diseases: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trialsAm J Clin Nutr.(2017 Sep)
    40. Blood Pressure - Hatzistavri LS, Sarafidis PA, Georgianos PI, Tziolas IM, Aroditis CP, Zebekakis PE, Pikilidou MI, Lasaridis ANOral magnesium supplementation reduces ambulatory blood pressure in patients with mild hypertensionAm J Hypertens.(2009 Oct)
    41. Blood Pressure - Kawano Y, Matsuoka H, Takishita S, Omae TEffects of magnesium supplementation in hypertensive patients: assessment by office, home, and ambulatory blood pressuresHypertension.(1998 Aug)
    42. Muscle Oxygenation - Golf SW, Bender S, Grüttner JOn the significance of magnesium in extreme physical stressCardiovasc Drugs Ther.(1998 Sep)
    43. Strength - L R Brilla, T F HaleyEffect of magnesium supplementation on strength training in humansJ Am Coll Nutr.(1992 Jun)
    44. Cramps - Scott R Garrison, Christina S Korownyk, Michael R Kolber, G Michael Allan, Vijaya M Musini, Ravneet K Sekhon, Nicolas DugréMagnesium for skeletal muscle crampsCochrane Database Syst Rev.(2020 Sep 21)
    45. Cramps - Nygaard IH, Valbø A, Pethick SV, Bøhmer TDoes oral magnesium substitution relieve pregnancy-induced leg crampsEur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol.(2008 Nov)
    46. Cramps - Garrison SR, Birmingham CL, Koehler BE, McCollom RA, Khan KMThe effect of magnesium infusion on rest cramps: randomized controlled trial.J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci.(2011-Jun)
    47. Cramps - Roffe C, Sills S, Crome P, Jones PRandomised, cross-over, placebo controlled trial of magnesium citrate in the treatment of chronic persistent leg cramps.Med Sci Monit.(2002-May)
    48. Cramps - Frusso R, Zárate M, Augustovski F, Rubinstein AMagnesium for the treatment of nocturnal leg cramps: a crossover randomized trial.J Fam Pract.(1999-Nov)
    49. Cramps - Olha Barna, Pavlo Lohoida, Yurii Holovchenko, Andrii Bazylevych, Valentyna Velychko, Iryna Hovbakh, Larysa Bula, Michael ShechterA randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study assessing the efficacy of magnesium oxide monohydrate in the treatment of nocturnal leg crampsNutr J.(2021 Oct 31)
    50. Cramps - Liu J, Song G, Zhao G, Meng TEffect of oral magnesium supplementation for relieving leg cramps during pregnancy: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol.(2021-Jul)
    51. Pregnancy Complications - Makrides M, Crosby DD, Bain E, Crowther CAMagnesium supplementation in pregnancy.Cochrane Database Syst Rev.(2014 Apr 3)
    52. Pregnancy Complications - Kovács L, Molnár BG, Huhn E, Bódis L[Magnesium substitution in pregnancy. A prospective, randomized double-blind study].Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd.(1988-Aug)
    53. Pregnancy Complications - Carla Adriane Leal de Araújo, Joel Geoffrey Ray, José Natal Figueiroa, João Guilherme AlvesBRAzil magnesium (BRAMAG) trial: a double-masked randomized clinical trial of oral magnesium supplementation in pregnancyBMC Pregnancy Childbirth.(2020 Apr 21)
    54. Pre-Eclampsia Risk - Yuan J, Yu Y, Zhu T, Lin X, Jing X, Zhang JOral Magnesium Supplementation for the Prevention of Preeclampsia: a Meta-analysis or Randomized Controlled Trials.Biol Trace Elem Res.(2022-Aug)
    55. Infant Death Risk - Shepherd E, Salam RA, Manhas D, Synnes A, Middleton P, Makrides M, Crowther CAAntenatal magnesium sulphate and adverse neonatal outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PLoS Med.(2019 Dec)
    56. C-Reactive Protein (CRP) - Nielsen FH, Johnson LK, Zeng HMagnesium supplementation improves indicators of low magnesium status and inflammatory stress in adults older than 51 years with poor quality sleepMagnes Res.(2010 Dec)
    57. Sleep Quality - Held K, Antonijevic IA, Künzel H, Uhr M, Wetter TC, Golly IC, Steiger A, Murck HOral Mg(2+) supplementation reverses age-related neuroendocrine and sleep EEG changes in humansPharmacopsychiatry.(2002 Jul)
    58. Tinnitus Symptoms - Cevette MJ, Barrs DM, Patel A, Conroy KP, Sydlowski S, Noble BN, Nelson GA, Stepanek JPhase 2 study examining magnesium-dependent tinnitusInt Tinnitus J.(2011)
    59. Fibromyalgia Symptoms - Selda Bagis, Mehmet Karabiber, Ismet As, Lülüfer Tamer, Canan Erdogan, Ayçe AtalayIs magnesium citrate treatment effective on pain, clinical parameters and functional status in patients with fibromyalgia?Rheumatol Int.(2013 Jan)
    60. Serum Magnesium - Macian N, Dualé C, Voute M, Leray V, Courrent M, Bodé P, Giron F, Sonneville S, Bernard L, Joanny F, Menard K, Ducheix G, Pereira B, Pickering GShort-Term Magnesium Therapy Alleviates Moderate Stress in Patients with Fibromyalgia: A Randomized Double-Blind Clinical Trial.Nutrients.(2022-May-17)
    61. Blood glucose - Vázquez-Lorente H, Herrera-Quintana L, Molina-López J, Gamarra-Morales Y, López-González B, Miralles-Adell C, Planells EResponse of Vitamin D after Magnesium Intervention in a Postmenopausal Population from the Province of Granada, Spain.Nutrients.(2020-Jul-30)
    62. Depression Symptoms - Barragán-Rodríguez L, Rodríguez-Morán M, Guerrero-Romero FEfficacy and safety of oral magnesium supplementation in the treatment of depression in the elderly with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, equivalent trialMagnes Res.(2008 Dec)
    63. Depression Symptoms - Afsharfar M, Shahraki M, Shakiba M, Asbaghi O, Dashipour AThe effects of magnesium supplementation on serum level of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and depression status in patients with depression.Clin Nutr ESPEN.(2021-Apr)
    64. Depression Symptoms - Behnaz Abiri, Parvin Sarbakhsh, Mohammadreza VafaRandomized study of the effects of vitamin D and/or magnesium supplementation on mood, serum levels of BDNF, inflammation, and SIRT1 in obese women with mild to moderate depressive symptomsNutr Neurosci.(2021 Jul 2)
    65. Migraine Symptoms - Köseoglu E, Talaslioglu A, Gönül AS, Kula MThe effects of magnesium prophylaxis in migraine without auraMagnes Res.(2008 Jun)
    66. Cramps - Kandil M, Jaber S, Desai D, Nuñez Cruz S, Lomotan N, Ahmad U, Cirone M, Burkins J, McDowell MMAGraine: Magnesium compared to conventional therapy for treatment of migraines.Am J Emerg Med.(2021-Jan)
    67. Headaches - Khani S, Hejazi SA, Yaghoubi M, Sharifipour EComparative study of magnesium, sodium valproate, and concurrent magnesium-sodium valproate therapy in the prevention of migraine headaches: a randomized controlled double-blind trial.J Headache Pain.(2021-Apr-07)
    68. Serum Magnesium - Behnood Abbasi, Masud Kimiagar, Khosro Sadeghniiat, Minoo M Shirazi, Mehdi Hedayati, Bahram RashidkhaniThe effect of magnesium supplementation on primary insomnia in elderly: A double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trialJ Res Med Sci.(2012 Dec)
    69. Serum Magnesium - Hornyak M, Voderholzer U, Hohagen F, Berger M, Riemann DMagnesium therapy for periodic leg movements-related insomnia and restless legs syndrome: an open pilot study.Sleep.(1998-Aug-01)
    70. Sleep Duration - Jasmine Mah, Tyler PitreOral magnesium supplementation for insomnia in older adults: a Systematic Review & Meta-AnalysisBMC Complement Med Ther.(2021 Apr 17)
    71. Stress Signs and Symptoms - Noah L, Dye L, Bois De Fer B, Mazur A, Pickering G, Pouteau EEffect of magnesium and vitamin B6 supplementation on mental health and quality of life in stressed healthy adults: Post-hoc analysis of a randomised controlled trial.Stress Health.(2021-Dec)
    72. Constipation Signs and Symptoms - Morishita D, Tomita T, Mori S, Kimura T, Oshima T, Fukui H, Miwa HSenna Versus Magnesium Oxide for the Treatment of Chronic Constipation: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial.Am J Gastroenterol.(2021-Jan-01)
    73. Constipation Signs and Symptoms - Kubota M, Ito K, Tomimoto K, Kanazaki M, Tsukiyama K, Kubota A, Kuroki H, Fujita M, Vandenplas YLactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 and Magnesium Oxide in Children with Functional Chronic Constipation: A Double-Blind and Randomized Clinical Trial.Nutrients.(2020-Jan-15)
    74. Constipation Signs and Symptoms - Mori S, Tomita T, Fujimura K, Asano H, Ogawa T, Yamasaki T, Kondo T, Kono T, Tozawa K, Oshima T, Fukui H, Kimura T, Watari J, Miwa HA Randomized Double-blind Placebo-controlled Trial on the Effect of Magnesium Oxide in Patients With Chronic Constipation.J Neurogastroenterol Motil.(2019-Oct-30)
    75. Pre-Eclampsia Risk - de Araújo CAL, de Sousa Oliveira L, de Gusmão IMB, Guimarães A, Ribeiro M, Alves JGBMagnesium supplementation and preeclampsia in low-income pregnant women - a randomized double-blind clinical trial.BMC Pregnancy Childbirth.(2020-Apr-09)
    76. Blood glucose - Farsinejad-Marj M, Azadbakht L, Mardanian F, Saneei P, Esmaillzadeh AClinical and Metabolic Responses to Magnesium Supplementation in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.Biol Trace Elem Res.(2020-Aug)
    77. Blood glucose - Abu-Zaid A, Alzayed MM, Albahrani SJ, Almaqhawi A, Al Shaikh MA, Baradwan S, Almudiheem NA, Abuzaid M, Adly HM, Saleh SAK, Alomar ODoes Magnesium Affect Sex Hormones and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Patients with PCOS? Findings from a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Medicina (Kaunas).(2025 Feb 6)
    78. Insulin Resistance - Mohammad Alizadeh, Majid Karandish, Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi, Lida Heidari, Roshan Nikbakht, Hossein Babaahmadi Rezaei, Reihaneh MousaviMetabolic and hormonal effects of melatonin and/or magnesium supplementation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trialNutr Metab (Lond).(2021 Jun 6)
    79. Serum Magnesium - Reihaneh Mousavi, Mohammad Alizadeh, Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi, Lida Heidari, Roshan Nikbakht, Hossein Babaahmadi Rezaei, Majid KarandishEffects of Melatonin and/or Magnesium Supplementation on Biomarkers of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled TrialBiol Trace Elem Res.(2021 May 19)
    80. Quality of Life - Jaripur M, Ghasemi-Tehrani H, Askari G, Gholizadeh-Moghaddam M, Clark CCT, Rouhani MHThe effects of magnesium supplementation on abnormal uterine bleeding, alopecia, quality of life, and acne in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized clinical trial.Reprod Biol Endocrinol.(2022-Aug-02)
    81. ADHD Symptoms - Surman C, Vaudreuil C, Boland H, Rhodewalt L, DiSalvo M, Biederman JL-Threonic Acid Magnesium Salt Supplementation in ADHD: An Open-Label Pilot Study.J Diet Suppl.(2021)
    82. Blood glucose - Afitska K, Clavel J, Kisters K, Vormann J, Werner TMagnesium citrate supplementation decreased blood pressure and HbA1c in normomagnesemic subjects with metabolic syndrome: a 12-week, placebo-controlled, double-blinded pilot trial.Magnes Res.(2021-Aug-01)
    83. Cortisol - Schutten JC, Joris PJ, Minović I, Post A, van Beek AP, de Borst MH, Mensink RP, Bakker SJLLong-term magnesium supplementation improves glucocorticoid metabolism: A post-hoc analysis of an intervention trial.Clin Endocrinol (Oxf).(2021-Feb)
    84. Transferrin - Milinković N, Zeković M, Dodevska M, Đorđević B, Radosavljević B, Ignjatović S, Ivanović NMagnesium supplementation and iron status among female students: The intervention study.J Med Biochem.(2022-Jul-29)
    85. Serum Magnesium - Ali Reza Sobhani, Hossein Farshidi, Fariba Azarkish, Mahdiya Eslami, Ebrahim Eftekhar, Mansoor Keshavarz, Nepton SoltaniMagnesium Sulfate Improves Some Risk Factors for Atherosclerosis in Patients Suffering from One or Two Coronary Artery Diseases: A Double-blind Clinical Trial StudyClin Pharmacol.(2020 Sep 25)
    86. Blood glucose - Salehidoost R, Taghipour Boroujeni G, Feizi A, Aminorroaya A, Amini MEffect of oral magnesium supplement on cardiometabolic markers in people with prediabetes: a double blind randomized controlled clinical trial.Sci Rep.(2022-Oct-28)
    87. Blood glucose - Norouzi M, Rezvankhah B, Haeri MR, Heydari H, Tafaroji J, Shafigh N, Avval JO, Dahmardeh AR, Masoumzadeh N, Gharehbeglou MMagnesium supplementation and insulin resistance in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.Eur J Transl Myol.(2022-Jul-05)
    88. Pain - Hashemian M, Mirkheshti A, Mirafzal A, Ahmadipour H, Nasehabad MAThe effect of preoperative oral magnesium oxide on the severity of postoperative pain among women undergoing hysterectomy.Ir J Med Sci.(2022-Dec)
    89. Blood Pressure - Marques BCAA, Klein MRST, da Cunha MR, de Souza Mattos S, de Paula Nogueira L, de Paula T, Corrêa FM, Oigman W, Neves MFEffects of Oral Magnesium Supplementation on Vascular Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev.(2020-Feb)
    90. Blood Pressure - Saba S, Faizi F, Sepandi M, Nehrir BEffect of short-term magnesium supplementation on anxiety, depression and sleep quality in patients after open-heart surgery.Magnes Res.(2022-Apr-01)
    91. Vomiting - Hung KC, Chang LC, Ho CN, Hsu CW, Wu JY, Lin YT, Chen IWInfluence of Intravenous Magnesium Sulfate Infusion on the Subjective Postoperative Quality of Recovery: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Nutrients.(2024 Jul 22)